Abstract
We studied the alterations in oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation – LPO) and the alterations in the content of low molecular weight metabolites (ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids) in the shoots of triticale (Triticosecale) under short-term (0-96 h) sodium chloride stress (120 mM) with statistical methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. An analysis of the alterations in oxidative stress indicators allowed us to calculate the correlation coefficients for the pairs: peroxide – superoxide (0.52), peroxide – LPO (0.62), superoxide – LPO (0.23). The inclusion in the analysis of data on alterations in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants showed that the PCA method forms three main groups for all the studied characteristics: (1) LPO and hydrogen peroxide, (2) chlorophyll and carotenoids, (3) glutathione and ascorbate. The correlation coefficients were calculated for pairs: ascorbate – glutathione (0.71), ascorbate – proline (0.81), glutathione – proline (0.28). Such a value of the coefficient of the first pair suggests that ascorbic acid also performs numerous other functions, in addition to participating in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The high correlation between ascorbate and proline can be explained by the similar nature of alterations in their content in triticale shoots under conditions of short-term sodium chloride stress. Negative correlation coefficients in pairs of hydrogen peroxide – chlorophyll (-0.73), peroxide – carotenoids (-0.75), ascorbic acid – LPO (-0.70), LPO – proline (-0.69) give reason to talk about the possible protective role of photosynthesis pigments from accumulating hydrogen peroxide, as well as the potential role of ascorbic acid and proline in protecting membranes from lipid peroxidation. The application of the cluster analysis method showed that first and second order clusters between ascorbate, proline and glutathione reflect their known antioxidant role. The results obtained may also indicate that pigments have a much lower protective function.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxide and superoxide were positively correlated at 0.52.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Compound
- superoxidee0
- Outcome
- peroxidee0
- Value
- 0.52e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxide – superoxide (0.52)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxide and lipid peroxidation were correlated at 0.62.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- LPOe0
- Outcome
- peroxidee0
- Value
- 0.62e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxide – LPO (0.62)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide and lipid peroxidation were correlated at 0.23.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- LPOe0
- Outcome
- superoxidee0
- Value
- 0.23e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superoxide – LPO (0.23)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA grouped lipid peroxidation with hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- LPO and hydrogen peroxidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(1) LPO and hydrogen peroxide”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA grouped chlorophyll with carotenoids.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(2) chlorophyll and carotenoids”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA grouped glutathione with ascorbate.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- glutathione and ascorbatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(3) glutathione and ascorbate”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and glutathione had correlation coefficient 0.71.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- glutathionee0
- Outcome
- ascorbatee0
- Value
- 0.71e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ascorbate – glutathione (0.71)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and proline had correlation coefficient 0.81.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- ascorbatee0
- Value
- 0.81e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ascorbate – proline (0.81)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione and proline had correlation coefficient 0.28.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- glutathionee0
- Value
- 0.28e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutathione – proline (0.28)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide and chlorophyll were negatively correlated at -0.73.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- chlorophylle0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Value
- -0.73e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogen peroxide – chlorophyll (-0.73)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxide and carotenoids were negatively correlated at -0.75.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- carotenoidse0
- Outcome
- peroxidee0
- Value
- -0.75e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxide – carotenoids (-0.75)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid and lipid peroxidation were negatively correlated at -0.70.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- LPOe0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide0
- Value
- -0.70e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ascorbic acid – LPO (-0.70)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid peroxidation and proline were negatively correlated at -0.69.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Compound
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- LPOe0
- Value
- -0.69e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LPO – proline (-0.69)”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster analysis grouped ascorbate, proline, and glutathione, consistent with antioxidant roles.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- clusters between ascorbate, proline and glutathionee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“first and second order clusters between ascorbate, proline and glutathione reflect their known antioxidant role”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigments may have a lower protective function.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- protective functione0
- Qualifier
- pigmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigments have a much lower protective function”
t0“triticale”