Abstract
In this study, the anti-stress capabilities of the foliar application of chitosan, dissolved in four different organic acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid and malic acid) have been investigated on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). Morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, oxidative stress, minerals, antioxidant enzymes activity, isozymes and protein patterns were tested for potential tolerance of tomato plants growing under salinity stress. Salinity stress was caused a reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and potassium (K+) content. However, the contents of proline, ascorbic acid, total phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na+) and antioxidant enzyme activity were increased in tomato plants grown under saline conditions. Chitosan treatments in any of the non-stressed plants showed improvements in morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activity. Besides, the harmful impacts of salinity on tomato plants have also been reduced by lowering MDA, H2O2 and Na+ levels. Chitosan treatments in either non-stressed or stressed plants showed different responses in number and density of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes. NaCl stress led to the diminishing of protein bands with different molecular weights, while they were produced again in response to chitosan foliar application. These responses were varied according to the type of solvent acid. It could be suggested that foliar application of chitosan, especially that dissolved in ascorbic or citric acid, could be commercially used for the stimulation of tomato plants grown under salinity stress.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and soluble sugars in tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e0“Salinity stress was caused a reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and potassium (K+) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced soluble proteins and potassium content in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble proteins and potassium (K+) contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e0“Salinity stress was caused a reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and potassium (K+) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased proline, ascorbic acid and total phenol in tomato grown under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse1
- Outcome
- proline, ascorbic acid, total phenole1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e1“However, the contents of proline, ascorbic acid, total phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na+) and antioxidant enzyme activity were increased in tomato plants grown under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and sodium in tomato grown under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na+)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e1“However, the contents of proline, ascorbic acid, total phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na+) and antioxidant enzyme activity were increased in tomato plants grown under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato grown under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- saline conditionse1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e1“However, the contents of proline, ascorbic acid, total phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na+) and antioxidant enzyme activity were increased in tomato plants grown under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan treatment of non-stressed tomato plants improved morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chitosan treatmentse2
- Outcome
- morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytese2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Qualifier
- in any of the non-stressed plantse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e2“Chitosan treatments in any of the non-stressed plants showed improvements in morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan treatment of non-stressed tomato plants improved total phenol and antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chitosan treatmentse2
- Outcome
- total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activitye2
- Direction
- improvementse2
- Qualifier
- in any of the non-stressed plantse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e2“Chitosan treatments in any of the non-stressed plants showed improvements in morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan lowered malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and sodium levels in tomato under salinity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of chitosane7
- Outcome
- MDA, H2O2 and Na+ levelse3
- Direction
- loweringe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e7“foliar application of chitosan, especially that dissolved in ascorbic or citric acid, could be commercially used for the stimulation of tomato plants grown under salinity stress”
e3“Besides, the harmful impacts of salinity on tomato plants have also been reduced by lowering MDA, H2O2 and Na+ levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan treatments gave different responses in number and density of POD, PPO and SOD isozymes in non-stressed and stressed tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Chitosan treatmentse4
- Outcome
- number and density of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymese4
- Direction
- different responsese4
- Qualifier
- in either non-stressed or stressed plantse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e4“Chitosan treatments in either non-stressed or stressed plants showed different responses in number and density of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress diminished protein bands with different molecular weights in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse5
- Outcome
- protein bandse5
- Direction
- diminishinge5
- Qualifier
- with different molecular weightse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e5“NaCl stress led to the diminishing of protein bands with different molecular weights, while they were produced again in response to chitosan foliar application”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan foliar application produced protein bands again in NaCl-stressed tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- chitosan foliar applicatione5
- Outcome
- protein bandse5
- Direction
- produced againe5
- Comparator
- NaCl stresse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e5“NaCl stress led to the diminishing of protein bands with different molecular weights, while they were produced again in response to chitosan foliar application”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato responses to chitosan varied according to the type of solvent acid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- type of solvent acide6
- Outcome
- responsese6
- Direction
- variede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e6“These responses were varied according to the type of solvent acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chitosan dissolved in ascorbic or citric acid could be used commercially to stimulate tomato grown under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application of chitosan, especially that dissolved in ascorbic or citric acide7
- Outcome
- stimulation of tomato plants grown under salinity stresse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress”
e7“foliar application of chitosan, especially that dissolved in ascorbic or citric acid, could be commercially used for the stimulation of tomato plants grown under salinity stress”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →chitosan · physiology: oxidative · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →chitosan · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →sodium chloride · quality: protein · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →chitosan · quality: protein · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · quality: protein · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →salinity · physiology: osmolytes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.