Abstract
Livestock development in rainfed areas is slower due to the inadequate supply of nutritious fodder. Mono-cropping systems also have a negative impact on forage yield and nutrition as cereals are deficient in protein. Hence, there is a dire need to grow cereals with legumes to improve forage yield and quality. Therefore, a two-year field study was undertaken to evaluate winter cereal–legume forage and their mixtures viz. oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock) under different tillage systems viz. conventional tillage (moldboard plow+4-cultivation with tines) and conservation tillage (3-cultivation with tines). Crops were grown in pure stands as well as in mixtures with a 70:30 seeding ratio. The results revealed that the conventional tillage system performed better in terms of numbers of tillers/branches, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield than the conservation tillage system. However, the conventional and conservation tillage systems did not show a significant difference in terms of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. In the pure stands and cereal–legume mixtures, the oat–vetch mixture performed better in terms of plant height, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield. The maximum crude protein content was observed in the oat–vetch mixture, while the maximum acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were observed in the pure oat stands. In competitive indices, the land-equivalent ratio and competitive ratio showed the advantage of intercropping. In actual yield loss, results showed the positive value of barley and oats in mixtures, which reflects the advantage of intercropping in the rainfed areas. The economic analysis showed a greater net benefit from the conventional tillage than the conservation tillage system under rainfed conditions. On the basis of this investigation, an oat–vetch mixture and the conventional tillage system are recommended for higher tonnage of nutritious fodder in rainfed areas.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage improved tillers or branches, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield over conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae1 - Treatment
- conventional tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- numbers of tillers/branches, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yielde0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- conservation tillage systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conventional tillage system performed better in terms of numbers of tillers/branches, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield than the conservation tillage system”
e1“oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage systems did not differ significantly in crude protein, acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- conventionale0
- Outcome
- crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fibere0
- Direction
- did not show a significant differencee0
- Comparator
- conservation tillage systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conventional and conservation tillage systems did not show a significant difference in terms of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber”
e1“oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock)”
Claim · model-written summary
The oat–vetch mixture performed better for plant height, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- oat–vetch mixturee0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yielde0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the oat–vetch mixture performed better in terms of plant height, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The oat–vetch mixture had maximum crude protein content.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- oat–vetch mixturee0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum crude protein content was observed in the oat–vetch mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure oat stands had maximum acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- pure oat standse0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fibere0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were observed in the pure oat stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Land-equivalent and competitive ratios showed an advantage of intercropping.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- land-equivalent ratio and competitive ratioe0
- Direction
- advantagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the land-equivalent ratio and competitive ratio showed the advantage of intercropping”
e1“oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actual yield loss was positive for barley in mixtures.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- actual yield losse1
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“positive value of barley and oats in mixtures”
e1“In actual yield loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Actual yield loss was positive for oats in mixtures.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- actual yield losse1
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive value of barley and oats in mixtures”
e1“In actual yield loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave greater net benefit than conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- net benefite0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- conservation tillage systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a greater net benefit from the conventional tillage than the conservation tillage system under rainfed conditions”
e1“oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend an oat–vetch mixture and conventional tillage for higher nutritious fodder tonnage.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- an oat–vetch mixture and the conventional tillage system are recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an oat–vetch mixture and the conventional tillage system are recommended for higher tonnage of nutritious fodder in rainfed areas”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.