The Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes) Cultivation

Abstract

The effects of different fertilizers (chemical fertilizer-CF, bacterial formulation- BF, plant activator-PA, seaweed-SW, vermicompost-VC, liquid organic fertilizer-LOF, farm manure –FM and control-C) on the yield, quality and mineral matter content of kohlrabi were examined in 2014-2015. The effect of fertilizers on the parameters examined was found statistically significant. According to the average of the years, the highest plant weight, leaf number, leaf weight , stem yield, stem length, stem diameter , stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and vitamin C were obtained from the CF treatment, and other treatments also provide close results to CF. In regard to these parameters, the increases obtained from the treatments as compared to the control were 4.16 (PA) – 43.36% (FM), 0.77 (VC) – 6.54% (FM), 3.94 (SW) – 31.27% (FM), 25.66 (PA) – 54.64% (FM), 3.96 (LOF) – 7.87% (FM), 4.42 (LOF) – 9.60% (VC), 4.16 (LOF)- 22.24% (PA), 9.03 (SW)- 17.16% (VC), 11.86 (SW) – 24.51% (BF) and 3.37 (VC) – 12.45% (SW) respectively, except for CF. According to the average, the stem ratio, stem index, stem dry matter ratio, root dry matter ratio, total soluble solid (TSS) and chlorophyll content were increased to 7.58 (FM) – 19.70% (PA), 1.50 (VC) – 2.26% (SW), 2.35 (LOF) – 5.09% (BF), 0.26 (SW) – 13.87% (LOF), 1.75 (PA) –12.40% (FM) and 1.17 (CF) – 1.37% (SW) as compared to control, respectively. The contents of N, P, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B considerably increased with treatments as compared to the control. It was determined that the organic origin fertilizers used in the experimented could be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for kohlrabi cultivation.

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Claims 16

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The effect of the fertilizer treatments on the examined yield, quality and mineral parameters of kohlrabi was statistically significant.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: fertilizerse0
Outcome: parameters examinede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes* · TaxonToubib at Dutch Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“The effect of fertilizers on the parameters examined was found statistically significant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 289–377 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The chemical fertilizer (CF) treatment gave the highest plant weight, leaf number and leaf weight in kohlrabi.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: CF treatmente0
Outcome: plant weight, leaf number, leaf weighte0
Direction: higheste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest plant weight, leaf number, leaf weight, stem yield, stem length, stem diameter, stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and vitamin C were obtained from the CF treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–611 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The CF treatment gave the highest stem yield, stem length and stem diameter in kohlrabi.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: CF treatmente0
Outcome: stem yield, stem length, stem diametere0
Direction: higheste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest plant weight, leaf number, leaf weight, stem yield, stem length, stem diameter, stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and vitamin C were obtained from the CF treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–611 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The CF treatment gave the highest stem dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight in kohlrabi.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: CF treatmente0
Outcome: stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weighte0
Direction: higheste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest plant weight, leaf number, leaf weight, stem yield, stem length, stem diameter, stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and vitamin C were obtained from the CF treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–611 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The CF treatment gave the highest vitamin C in kohlrabi.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: CF treatmente0
Outcome: vitamin Ce0
Direction: higheste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“highest plant weight, leaf number, leaf weight, stem yield, stem length, stem diameter, stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and vitamin C were obtained from the CF treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–611 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Compared with the control, treatments increased plant weight, leaf number and leaf weight by 4.16 (PA) to 43.36% (FM), 0.77 (VC) to 6.54% (FM) and 3.94 (SW) to 31.27% (FM) respectively, except CF.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: different fertilizerse3
Outcome: plant weight, leaf number, leaf weighte0
Direction: increasese1
Value: 4.16 (PA) – 43.36% (FM), 0.77 (VC) – 6.54% (FM), 3.94 (SW) – 31.27% (FM)e2
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“plant weight, leaf number, leaf weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 430–468 · show in text ↑

e1
“the increases obtained from the treatments as compared to the control were”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–773 · show in text ↑

e2
“4.16 (PA) – 43.36% (FM), 0.77 (VC) – 6.54% (FM), 3.94 (SW) – 31.27% (FM)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 774–846 · show in text ↑

e3
“different fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–36 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Compared with the control, treatments increased stem yield, stem length and stem diameter by 25.66 (PA) to 54.64% (FM), 3.96 (LOF) to 7.87% (FM) and 4.42 (LOF) to 9.60% (VC) respectively.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: different fertilizerse3
Outcome: stem yield, stem length, stem diametere0
Direction: increasese1
Value: 25.66 (PA) – 54.64% (FM), 3.96 (LOF) – 7.87% (FM), 4.42 (LOF) – 9.60% (VC)e2
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“stem yield, stem length, stem diameter”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 470–508 · show in text ↑

e1
“the increases obtained from the treatments as compared to the control were”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–773 · show in text ↑

e2
“25.66 (PA) – 54.64% (FM), 3.96 (LOF) – 7.87% (FM), 4.42 (LOF) – 9.60% (VC)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 848–922 · show in text ↑

e3
“different fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–36 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Compared with the control, treatments increased stem dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight by 4.16 (LOF) to 22.24% (PA), 9.03 (SW) to 17.16% (VC) and 11.86 (SW) to 24.51% (BF) respectively.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: different fertilizerse3
Outcome: stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weighte0
Direction: increasese1
Value: 4.16 (LOF)- 22.24% (PA), 9.03 (SW)- 17.16% (VC), 11.86 (SW) – 24.51% (BF)e2
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–561 · show in text ↑

e1
“the increases obtained from the treatments as compared to the control were”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–773 · show in text ↑

e2
“4.16 (LOF)- 22.24% (PA), 9.03 (SW)- 17.16% (VC), 11.86 (SW) – 24.51% (BF)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 924–997 · show in text ↑

e3
“different fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–36 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Compared with the control, treatments increased vitamin C by 3.37 (VC) to 12.45% (SW).

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: different fertilizerse3
Outcome: vitamin Ce0
Direction: increasese1
Value: 3.37 (VC) – 12.45% (SW)e2
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“vitamin C”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–575 · show in text ↑

e1
“the increases obtained from the treatments as compared to the control were”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–773 · show in text ↑

e2
“3.37 (VC) – 12.45% (SW)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1002–1025 · show in text ↑

e3
“different fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–36 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stem ratio, stem index and stem dry matter ratio were increased by 7.58 (FM) to 19.70% (PA), 1.50 (VC) to 2.26% (SW) and 2.35 (LOF) to 5.09% (BF) respectively compared with control.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: different fertilizerse4
Outcome: stem ratio, stem index, stem dry matter ratioe0
Direction: increasede1
Value: 7.58 (FM) – 19.70% (PA), 1.50 (VC) – 2.26% (SW), 2.35 (LOF) – 5.09% (BF)e2
Comparator: controle3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“stem ratio, stem index, stem dry matter ratio”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1085–1130 · show in text ↑

e1
“were increased to”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1205–1222 · show in text ↑

e2
“7.58 (FM) – 19.70% (PA), 1.50 (VC) – 2.26% (SW), 2.35 (LOF) – 5.09% (BF)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1223–1295 · show in text ↑

e3
“as compared to control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1373–1395 · show in text ↑

e4
“different fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–36 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root dry matter ratio, total soluble solid (TSS) and chlorophyll content were increased by 0.26 (SW) to 13.87% (LOF), 1.75 (PA) to 12.40% (FM) and 1.17 (CF) to 1.37% (SW) respectively compared with control.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: different fertilizerse4
Outcome: root dry matter ratio, total soluble solid (TSS) and chlorophyll contente0
Direction: increasede1
Value: 0.26 (SW) – 13.87% (LOF), 1.75 (PA) –12.40% (FM) and 1.17 (CF) – 1.37% (SW)e2
Comparator: controle3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“root dry matter ratio, total soluble solid (TSS) and chlorophyll content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1132–1204 · show in text ↑

e1
“were increased to”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1205–1222 · show in text ↑

e2
“0.26 (SW) – 13.87% (LOF), 1.75 (PA) –12.40% (FM) and 1.17 (CF) – 1.37% (SW)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1297–1372 · show in text ↑

e3
“as compared to control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1373–1395 · show in text ↑

e4
“different fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–36 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The contents of N, P and K in kohlrabi considerably increased with treatments compared with the control.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: treatmentse1
Outcome: N, P, Ke0
Direction: increasede1
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“N, P, K”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1427–1434 · show in text ↑

e1
“considerably increased with treatments as compared to the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1469–1534 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The contents of Na, Mg and Ca in kohlrabi considerably increased with treatments compared with the control.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: treatmentse1
Outcome: Na, Mg, Cae0
Direction: increasede1
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Na, Mg, Ca”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1436–1446 · show in text ↑

e1
“considerably increased with treatments as compared to the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1469–1534 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The contents of Fe, Mn and Zn in kohlrabi considerably increased with treatments compared with the control.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: treatmentse1
Outcome: Fe, Mn, Zne0
Direction: increasede1
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Fe, Mn, Zn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1448–1458 · show in text ↑

e1
“considerably increased with treatments as compared to the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1469–1534 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The contents of Cu and B in kohlrabi considerably increased with treatments compared with the control.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Treatment: treatmentse1
Outcome: Cu and Be0
Direction: increasede1
Comparator: controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Cu and B”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1460–1468 · show in text ↑

e1
“considerably increased with treatments as compared to the control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1469–1534 · show in text ↑

t0
“Kohlrabi”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–58 · show in text ↑

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that organic origin fertilizers could be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for kohlrabi cultivation.

Taxon: kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
Outcome: alternative to chemical fertilizere0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“organic origin fertilizers used in the experimented could be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for kohlrabi cultivation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1563–1694 · show in text ↑

fertilization · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ

66 papers: 57 positive, 9 negative or no effect

56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction

no effect
Total glucosinolate content did not differ significantly between rich and poor sulphur fertilisation.
Total and individual glucosinolate contents in inflorescences of eight broccoli cultivars grown under various climatic and fertilisation conditions · 2003 · compared with poor
Opposite direction
no effect
Nitrogen fertilization rate does not affect broccoli weight and vitamin C losses during storage in the first year.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on head size, vitamin C content and storage life of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) · 1994
Opposite direction
negative
Nitrogen and sulfur fertilization tended to decrease broccoli vitamin C by about 9.2% versus control.
Selected yield and qualitative parameters of broccoli in dependence on nitrogen,sulfur, and zinc fertilization · 2016 · compared with the control
Opposite direction

62 papers more in this group

See all 66 papers →

fertilization · physiology: pigments · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results

49 papers: 47 positive, 2 negative or no effect

46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

negative
Leaf chlorophyll increased with amendment except in kale at the highest level.
Vermicompost soil amendment influences yield, growth responses and nutritional value of Kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala group), Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) · 2021
Opposite direction
no effect
67N-22P fertilizer did not alleviate cauliflower stunting, chlorosis or reduced leaf area.
EFFECTS OF BROCCOLI-CROPPED SOIL ON THE GROWTH OF BROCCOLI, CABBAGE, AND CAULIFLOWER · 1993
Opposite direction
positive
Manure with Bacillus cereus inoculation increased broccoli chlorophyll content by 14.7% over control.
Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Yield Promotion of Broccoli by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria with Manure · 2011 · compared with control
Same direction

45 papers more in this group

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fertilization · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results

264 papers: 240 positive, 24 negative or no effect

239 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Above 75% ammonium nitrogen reduced cabbage growth by 87% against an equal ammonium–nitrate ratio.
Growth and Major Nutrient Concentrations in Brassica campestris Supplied with Different NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ Ratios · 2007 · compared with ratio NH 4 + /NO 3 − of 0.5:0.5
Opposite direction
negative
Cow manure extract reduced kale aboveground wet and dry mass versus control.
Aerated chicken, cow, and turkey manure extracts differentially affect lettuce and kale yield in hydroponics · 2019 · compared with control
Opposite direction
no effect
Nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on plant height and outer-leaf number.
Effect of different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica Oleraceae) at Debre Markos, North West Ethiopia · 2017
Opposite direction

260 papers more in this group

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fertilization · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results

496 papers: 445 positive, 51 negative or no effect

444 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Adding phosphorus to digestate increased bulb yield by 11.0-14.3%.
The effect of fertilisation with digestate on kohlrabi yields and quality · 2016 · compared with pure digestate
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
P did not significantly change cabbage yields.
Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Plant Growth and Nitrate Accumulation in Vegetables · 2004
Opposite direction
negative
Cauliflower and Brussels sprouts yields were higher in the fertilizer-amended plot than in the compost plot.
Soil Fertility, Yield and Nutrient Contents of Vegetable Crops after 12 Years of Compost or Fertilizer Amendments · 2005 · compared with compost
Opposite direction

492 papers more in this group

See all 496 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 16

The same questions in other papers

fertilization · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ

fertilization · physiology: pigments · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results

fertilization · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results

fertilization · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results