Abstract
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various vermicompost amendments on growth responses and nutrient content of kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala group), radish (Raphanus sativus), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L), using a completely randomized design with three crop species, four vermicompost treatments and four replications. The twelve treatment combinations consisted of vermicompost levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/v) and three crop species, kale, radish and tomato. Plants were grown in pots containing soil in which the respective vermicompost levels were incorporated. Three seeds of each species were sown in each pot and seedlings were thinned to one per pot each, approximately two weeks after germination. Plants were supplied at regular intervals with 300 ml of water to maintain field capacity. Plant height, leaf chlorophyll, stem diameter, and leaf expansion rates were collected at weekly intervals beginning three weeks after planting. Plants were harvested at respective maturity dates, and fresh and dry weights as well as total yield were taken. Root, leaf and fruit samples were collected to determine phenolic and ascorbic acid content. Vermicompost soil amendment significantly increased plant height of kale and radish compared to the control but had no significant effect on the height of tomato plants. Leaf chlorophyll content was also greater among plants receiving vermicompost amendments except that of kale which declined at highest amendment level. Fresh and dry weight of kale increased with levels of vermicompost amendments with the magnitude of increase being greater between the control plants and those amended with 5%. Tap root yield of radish was highest among plants amended with 15% vermicompost but yield was similar among amended treatments. Regardless of the treatment, stem diameter was highest in the last few weeks of measurements. Total phenolic content tended to decrease regardless of species with increasing vermicompost levels and vitamin C increased initially up to 10% level for kale and declined thereafter, while there was a steady decline in radish. These results show that vermicompost amendments above 10% may adversely affect plant height and leaf chlorophyll content, while enhancing overall biomass production, and that phenolic and vitamin C responses varied based on vermicompost levels. Keywords: Compost, sustainability, soil, organic matter, chlorophyll.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly increased kale height.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Treatment
- Vermicompost soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost soil amendment significantly increased plant height of kale and radish compared to the control but had no significant effect on the height of tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost significantly increased radish height.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- Vermicompost soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost soil amendment significantly increased plant height of kale and radish compared to the control but had no significant effect on the height of tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost had no significant effect on tomato height.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Vermicompost soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- height of tomato plantse0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vermicompost soil amendment significantly increased plant height of kale and radish compared to the control but had no significant effect on the height of tomato plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll increased with amendment except in kale at the highest level.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- highest amendment levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll content was also greater among plants receiving vermicompost amendments except that of kale which declined at highest amendment level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale fresh and dry weight increased with vermicompost.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- vermicompost amendmentse0
- Outcome
- Fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh and dry weight of kale increased with levels of vermicompost amendments with the magnitude of increase being greater between the control plants and those amended with 5%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish tap root yield was highest at 15% vermicompost.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- 15% vermicomposte0
- Outcome
- Tap root yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- amended treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tap root yield of radish was highest among plants amended with 15% vermicompost but yield was similar among amended treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter was highest in the final measurement weeks.
- Taxon
- kale, radish and tomatoBrassica oleracea var. viridisRaphanus sativusSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the treatment, stem diameter was highest in the last few weeks of measurements.”
e1“kale, radish and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic content tended to decrease as vermicompost rose.
- Taxon
- kale, radish and tomatoBrassica oleracea var. viridisRaphanus sativusSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- increasing vermicompost levelse0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic content tended to decrease regardless of species with increasing vermicompost levels”
e1“kale, radish and tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale vitamin C rose to 10% amendment then declined.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- 10% levele0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vitamin C increased initially up to 10% level for kale and declined thereafter”
Claim · model-written summary
Radish vitamin C declined steadily.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce1
- Direction
- steady declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while there was a steady decline in radish.”
e1“vitamin C increased initially up to 10% level for kale and declined thereafter”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude amendments above 10% may harm height and chlorophyll while increasing biomass.
- Taxon
- kale, radish and tomatoBrassica oleracea var. viridisRaphanus sativusSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- vermicompost amendments above 10% may adversely affect plant height and leaf chlorophyll content, while enhancing overall biomass productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results show that vermicompost amendments above 10% may adversely affect plant height and leaf chlorophyll content, while enhancing overall biomass production”
e1“kale, radish and tomato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.