Abstract
Broccoli is a food often consumed for its potential health-promoting properties. The health benefits of broccoli are partly associated with secondary plant compounds that have bioactivity; glucosinolates and phenolic acids are two of the most abundant and important in broccoli. In an effort to determine how variety, stress, and production conditions affect the production of these bioactive components broccoli was grown in the greenhouse with and without selenium (Se) fertilization, and in the field under conventional or organic farming procedures and with or without water stress. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to separate and identify 12 primary phenolic compounds. Variety had a major effect: There was a preponderance of flavonoids in the Majestic variety, but hydroxycinnamic esters were relatively more abundant in the Legacy variety. Organic farming and water stress decreased the overall production of phenolics. Se fertilization increased glucosinolates in general, and sulforaphane in particular, up to a point; above that Se fertilization decreased glucosinolate production. Organic farming and water stress also decreased glucosinolate production. These data show environmental and genetic variation in phenolics and glucosinolates in broccoli, and warn that not all broccoli may contain all health-promoting bioactive components. They further show that selection for one bioactive component (Se) may decrease the content of other bioactive components such as phenolics and glucosinolates.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve primary phenolic compounds were identified in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Outcome
- primary phenolic compoundse0
- Value
- 12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to separate and identify 12 primary phenolic compounds.”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Majestic broccoli had a preponderance of flavonoids.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Majestice0
- Outcome
- preponderance of flavonoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a preponderance of flavonoids in the Majestic variety”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Legacy broccoli had relatively more hydroxycinnamic esters.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Legacye0
- Outcome
- hydroxycinnamic esterse0
- Direction
- relatively more abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydroxycinnamic esters were relatively more abundant in the Legacy variety”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic farming decreased overall phenolic production.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Organic farminge0
- Outcome
- overall production of phenolicse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic farming and water stress decreased the overall production of phenolics.”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased overall phenolic production.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- overall production of phenolicse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic farming and water stress decreased the overall production of phenolics.”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium fertilization initially increased glucosinolate production.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Se fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to a pointe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se fertilization increased glucosinolates in general, and sulforaphane in particular, up to a point”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium fertilization initially increased sulforaphane.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Se fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- sulforaphanee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- up to a pointe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se fertilization increased glucosinolates in general, and sulforaphane in particular, up to a point”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Above the threshold selenium fertilization decreased glucosinolate production.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Se fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- glucosinolate productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- above thate0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“above that Se fertilization decreased glucosinolate production”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic farming decreased glucosinolate production.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Organic farminge0
- Outcome
- glucosinolate productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic farming and water stress also decreased glucosinolate production.”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress decreased glucosinolate production.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- glucosinolate productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic farming and water stress also decreased glucosinolate production.”
t0“Broccoli”
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See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.