Abstract
Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops against different plant growth regulators, biostimulants, and leaf extracts at Yale University, USA. The first experiment examined the marginal effect of vitamin B12 when added to the Berlyn Laboratory’s proprietary biostimulant formula (GPB Core). Increasing concentrations of vitamin B12 were added, as investigated in groups SL (0 mg/L), SB1 (0.5 mg/L), SB2 (1.0 mg/L), and SB3 (1.5 mg/L). The addition of vitamin B12 conferred no significant incremental benefit over the GPB Core. However, the GPB Core formula (SL) increased fresh shoot biomass by 172.9%, dry shoot biomass by 136.4%, fresh root biomass by 64.7%, and dry root biomass by 29.1% over plant treated with inorganic fertilizer alone (p < 0.01). The second experiment examined the combined marginal effect of vitamin B12 and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) when added to the GPB Core. The three experimental groups included the GPB Core plus inorganic fertilizer (S+); GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and inorganic fertilizer (SBQ+); and GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizer (SBQ0). SBQ0 outperformed the inorganic fertilizer control in fresh shoot, dry shoot, fresh root, and dry root biomass by 190.3%, 127.1%, 128.5%, and 41.3%, respectively (p < 0.01), indicating that inorganic fertilizer can be replaced by biostimulants while simultaneously increasing yield. Additionally, the differences between SBQ+ and SBQ0 in the biomass metrics were statistically insignificant, indicating that in the presence of biostimulants, inorganic fertilizers confer a slight marginal benefit. There was no evidence, however, that the addition of CoQ10 and vitamin B12 conferred benefits over S+. Overall, the application of biostimulants statistically significantly improves radish biomass. Both experiments indicate that under low stress conditions, biostimulants can replace inorganic fertilizer while simultaneously increasing yield.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Adding vitamin B12 to the GPB Core biostimulant gave no significant incremental benefit.
- Taxon
- Radish
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- addition of vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- incremental benefite1
- Direction
- no significante1
- Comparator
- GPB Coree1
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e1“The addition of vitamin B12 conferred no significant incremental benefit over the GPB Core”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core formula increased radish fresh shoot biomass by 172.9% over inorganic fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shoote2
- Treatment
- GPB Core formulae2
- Outcome
- fresh shoot biomasse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 172.9%e2
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer alonee2
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e2“However, the GPB Core formula (SL) increased fresh shoot biomass by 172.9%, dry shoot biomass by 136.4%, fresh root biomass by 64.7%, and dry root biomass by 29.1% over plant treated with inorganic fertilizer alone (p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core formula increased radish dry shoot biomass by 136.4% over inorganic fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shoote2
- Treatment
- GPB Core formulae2
- Outcome
- dry shoot biomasse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 136.4%e2
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer alonee2
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e2“However, the GPB Core formula (SL) increased fresh shoot biomass by 172.9%, dry shoot biomass by 136.4%, fresh root biomass by 64.7%, and dry root biomass by 29.1% over plant treated with inorganic fertilizer alone (p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core formula increased radish fresh root biomass by 64.7% over inorganic fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- GPB Core formulae2
- Outcome
- fresh root biomasse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 64.7%e2
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer alonee2
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e2“However, the GPB Core formula (SL) increased fresh shoot biomass by 172.9%, dry shoot biomass by 136.4%, fresh root biomass by 64.7%, and dry root biomass by 29.1% over plant treated with inorganic fertilizer alone (p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core formula increased radish dry root biomass by 29.1% over inorganic fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- GPB Core formulae2
- Outcome
- dry root biomasse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 29.1%e2
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer alonee2
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e2“However, the GPB Core formula (SL) increased fresh shoot biomass by 172.9%, dry shoot biomass by 136.4%, fresh root biomass by 64.7%, and dry root biomass by 29.1% over plant treated with inorganic fertilizer alone (p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10 and no inorganic fertilizer increased radish fresh shoot biomass by 190.3% over the inorganic fertilizer control.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shoote3
- Treatment
- GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizere4
- Outcome
- fresh shoote3
- Direction
- outperformede3
- Value
- 190.3%e3
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer controle3
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e3“SBQ0 outperformed the inorganic fertilizer control in fresh shoot, dry shoot, fresh root, and dry root biomass by 190.3%, 127.1%, 128.5%, and 41.3%, respectively (p < 0.01)”
e4“GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizer (SBQ0)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10 and no inorganic fertilizer increased radish dry shoot biomass by 127.1% over the inorganic fertilizer control.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- shoote3
- Treatment
- GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizere4
- Outcome
- dry shoote3
- Direction
- outperformede3
- Value
- 127.1%e3
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer controle3
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e3“SBQ0 outperformed the inorganic fertilizer control in fresh shoot, dry shoot, fresh root, and dry root biomass by 190.3%, 127.1%, 128.5%, and 41.3%, respectively (p < 0.01)”
e4“GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizer (SBQ0)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10 and no inorganic fertilizer increased radish fresh root biomass by 128.5% over the inorganic fertilizer control.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roote3
- Treatment
- GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizere4
- Outcome
- fresh roote3
- Direction
- outperformede3
- Value
- 128.5%e3
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer controle3
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e3“SBQ0 outperformed the inorganic fertilizer control in fresh shoot, dry shoot, fresh root, and dry root biomass by 190.3%, 127.1%, 128.5%, and 41.3%, respectively (p < 0.01)”
e4“GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizer (SBQ0)”
Claim · model-written summary
GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10 and no inorganic fertilizer increased radish dry root biomass by 41.3% over the inorganic fertilizer control.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- roote3
- Treatment
- GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizere4
- Outcome
- dry roote3
- Direction
- outperformede3
- Value
- 41.3%e3
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer controle3
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e3“SBQ0 outperformed the inorganic fertilizer control in fresh shoot, dry shoot, fresh root, and dry root biomass by 190.3%, 127.1%, 128.5%, and 41.3%, respectively (p < 0.01)”
e4“GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizer (SBQ0)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic fertilizer added to the biostimulant formula gave no statistically significant difference in biomass compared with no inorganic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and inorganic fertilizere6
- Outcome
- biomass metricse5
- Comparator
- GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizere4
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e0“Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of radish crops”
e4“GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and no inorganic fertilizer (SBQ0)”
e5“the differences between SBQ+ and SBQ0 in the biomass metrics were statistically insignificant”
e6“GPB Core, vitamin B12, CoQ10, and inorganic fertilizer (SBQ+)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding CoQ10 and vitamin B12 gave no evidence of benefit over the GPB Core with inorganic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- addition of CoQ10 and vitamin B12e7
- Outcome
- benefitse7
- Comparator
- S+e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e7“There was no evidence, however, that the addition of CoQ10 and vitamin B12 conferred benefits over S+”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of biostimulants significantly improves radish biomass.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- application of biostimulantse0
- Outcome
- radish biomasse0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, the application of biostimulants statistically significantly improves radish biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low stress conditions, biostimulants can replace inorganic fertilizer while increasing radish yield.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- biostimulantse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Qualifier
- under low stress conditionse1
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Inorganic Fertilizer in Radish”
e1“Both experiments indicate that under low stress conditions, biostimulants can replace inorganic fertilizer while simultaneously increasing yield”
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