Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether zinc phosphate treatments of tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) can attenuate bacterial speck disease severity through reduction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ( Pst ) growth in planta and induce morphological and biochemical plant defence responses. Tomato plants were treated with 10 ppm (25.90 µM) zinc phosphate and then spray inoculated with strain DAPP-PG 215, race 0 of Pst . Disease symptoms were recorded as chlorosis and/or necrosis per leaf (%) and as numbers of necrotic spots. Soil treatments with zinc phosphate protected susceptible tomato plants against Pst , with reductions in both disease severity and pathogen growth in planta . The reduction of Pst growth in planta combined with significantly higher zinc levels in zinc-phosphate-treated plants indicated direct antimicrobial toxicity of this microelement, as also confirmed by in vitro assays. Morphological ( i . e . callose apposition) and biochemical ( i . e ., expression of salicylic-acid-dependent pathogenesis-related protein PR1b1 gene) defence responses were induced by the zinc phosphate treatment, as demonstrated by histochemical and qPCR analyses, respectively. In conclusion, soil treatments with zinc phosphate can protect tomato plants against Pst attacks through direct antimicrobial activity and induction of morphological and biochemical plant defence responses.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc phosphate reduced tomato bacterial speck severity.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Soil treatments with zinc phosphatee0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil treatments with zinc phosphate protected susceptible tomato plants against Pst , with reductions in both disease severity and pathogen growth in planta”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc phosphate reduced Pst growth in tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Soil treatments with zinc phosphatee0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen growth in plantae0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil treatments with zinc phosphate protected susceptible tomato plants against Pst , with reductions in both disease severity and pathogen growth in planta”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc phosphate significantly increased tomato zinc levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- zinc-phosphate-treatede0
- Outcome
- zinc levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher zinc levels in zinc-phosphate-treated plants”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro assays confirmed direct antimicrobial toxicity of zinc phosphate against Pst.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- direct antimicrobial toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of Pst growth in planta combined with significantly higher zinc levels in zinc-phosphate-treated plants indicated direct antimicrobial toxicity of this microelement, as also confirmed by in vitro assays”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc phosphate induced tomato callose apposition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- zinc phosphate treatmente0
- Outcome
- callose appositione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological ( i . e . callose apposition) and biochemical ( i . e ., expression of salicylic-acid-dependent pathogenesis-related protein PR1b1 gene) defence responses were induced by the zinc phosphate treatment”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc phosphate induced expression of tomato PR1b1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- zinc phosphate treatmente0
- Gene
- PR1b1e0
- Outcome
- expression of salicylic-acid-dependent pathogenesis-related protein PR1b1 genee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological ( i . e . callose apposition) and biochemical ( i . e ., expression of salicylic-acid-dependent pathogenesis-related protein PR1b1 gene) defence responses were induced by the zinc phosphate treatment”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed protection to direct antimicrobial activity and induced plant defences.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- soil treatments with zinc phosphatee0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Outcome
- protect tomato plants against Pst attackse0
- Qualifier
- direct antimicrobial activity and induction of morphological and biochemical plant defence responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil treatments with zinc phosphate can protect tomato plants against Pst attacks through direct antimicrobial activity and induction of morphological and biochemical plant defence responses”
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