Abstract
Pyridine nucleotides such as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are known as plant defense activators. We previously reported that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) enhanced disease resistance against fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum in barley and Arabidopsis. In this study, we reveal that the pretreatment of nicotinamide (NIM), which does not contain nucleotides, effectively suppresses disease development of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat plants. Correspondingly, deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin accumulation was also significantly decreased by NIM pretreatment. A metabolome analysis showed that several antioxidant and antifungal compounds such as trigonelline were significantly accumulated in the NIM-pretreated spikes after inoculation of F. graminearum. In addition, some metabolites involved in the DNA hypomethylation were accumulated in the NIM-pretreated spikes. On the other hand, fungal metabolites DON and ergosterol peroxide were significantly reduced by the NIM pretreatment. Since NIM is relative stable and inexpensive compared with NMN and NAD, it may be more useful for the control of symptoms of FHB and DON accumulation in wheat and other crops.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
NIM pretreatment suppressed FHB disease development in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat plants
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- pretreatment of nicotinamide (NIM)e0
- Interactor
- Fusarium Head Blighte0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease development of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)e0
- Direction
- suppressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pretreatment of nicotinamide (NIM), which does not contain nucleotides, effectively suppresses disease development of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NIM pretreatment significantly decreased DON mycotoxin accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NIM pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin accumulation was also significantly decreased by NIM pretreatment”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trigonelline and other antioxidant and antifungal compounds accumulated significantly in NIM-pretreated spikes after inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- spikese0
- Treatment
- NIM-pretreatede0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- several antioxidant and antifungal compounds such as trigonellinee0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“several antioxidant and antifungal compounds such as trigonelline were significantly accumulated in the NIM-pretreated spikes after inoculation of F. graminearum”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites involved in DNA hypomethylation accumulated in NIM-pretreated spikes.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- spikese0
- Treatment
- NIM-pretreatede0
- Outcome
- some metabolites involved in the DNA hypomethylatione0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some metabolites involved in the DNA hypomethylation were accumulated in the NIM-pretreated spikes”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NIM pretreatment significantly reduced fungal DON.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NIM pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- fungal metabolites DONe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal metabolites DON and ergosterol peroxide were significantly reduced by the NIM pretreatment”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NIM pretreatment significantly reduced fungal ergosterol peroxide.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NIM pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- ergosterol peroxidee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal metabolites DON and ergosterol peroxide were significantly reduced by the NIM pretreatment”
t0“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest NIM may be more useful than NMN and NAD for controlling FHB symptoms and DON accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NIMe0
- Outcome
- control of symptoms of FHB and DON accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- relative stable and inexpensivee0
- Comparator
- NMN and NADe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Since NIM is relative stable and inexpensive compared with NMN and NAD, it may be more useful for the control of symptoms of FHB and DON accumulation in wheat and other crops”
The same questions in other papers
nicotinamide · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.