Abstract
AbstractKey message TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 play positive rolesin resistance to the stripe rust fungus via inducing HRand regulating defense-related genes, but are negativelyregulated by various abiotic stimuli.Abstract Plant hypersensitive-induced reaction (HIR)genes are known to be associated with the hypersensitiveresponse and disease defense. In wheat, two HIR genes,TaHIR1 and TaHIR3, have been identified and found to beup-regulated after infection with the stripe rust fungus.Here, we further determined their roles in defense againstabiotic stresses and the stripe rust pathogen, Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici. TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 proteins werelocalized in the plasma membrane of tobacco cells. Theexpression of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 was reduced by theenvironmental stimuli, including low temperature, drought,and high salinity stresses. In addition, the expression ofTaHIR1 and TaHIR3 was down-regulated by exogenouslyapplied ethrel and abscisic acid, whereas expression wasnot affected by treatments with salicylic acid and methyljasmonate. Furthermore, barley stripe mosaic virus-inducedgene silencing of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 reduced resistancein wheat cultivar Suwon11 against an avirulent stripe rustpathotype CYR23 and area of necrotic cells neighboringthe infection sites, and altered the expression levels ofdefense-related genes. These results suggest that TaHIR1and TaHIR3 function positively in the incompatible inter-action of wheat-stripe rust fungus, but exhibit negativetranscriptional response to abiotic stresses.Keywords Wheat Stripe rust Hypersensitive response HIR gene Defense responseIntroductionPlants have evolved complex mechanisms in response to awide range of environmental stresses. To prevent or restrictthe invasion of pathogens, plants rely on two ‘‘layers’’ ofinnate immune systems, pathogen-associated molecularpattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) (Jones and Dangl 2006). PTIaffords basal defense to plants by perception of evolu-tionarily conserved PAMPs (Zhang and Zhou 2010). ETI isoften activated through the direct or indirect recognition ofthe pathogen avirulence (avr) gene product with the cor-responding resistance (R) gene product in a plant-pathogeninteraction, and confers disease resistance to the plant,typically inducing the hypersensitive response (HR) (Moreland Dangl 1997; Hofius et al. 2007). HR is the rapid andlocalized cell death at the site of infection, thereby result-ing in the restriction of pathogen spread (Heath 1998). Thedevelopment of HR involves a cascade of signaling
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 proteins localized to the plasma membrane of tobacco cells.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Gene
- TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Outcome
- plasma membrane of tobacco cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 proteins werelocalized in the plasma membrane of tobacco cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature, drought and high salinity reduced TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 expression.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- low temperature, drought,and high salinity stressese0
- Gene
- TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Outcome
- Theexpression of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Theexpression of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 was reduced by theenvironmental stimuli, including low temperature, drought,and high salinity stresses.”
e1“In wheat, two HIR genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied ethrel and abscisic acid down regulated TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- exogenouslyapplied ethrel and abscisic acide0
- Gene
- TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Outcome
- expression ofTaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression ofTaHIR1 and TaHIR3 was down-regulated by exogenouslyapplied ethrel and abscisic acid”
e1“In wheat, two HIR genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate treatments did not affect TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatments with salicylic acid and methyljasmonatee0
- Gene
- TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e1
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression wasnot affected by treatments with salicylic acid and methyljasmonate”
e1“In wheat, two HIR genes,TaHIR1 and TaHIR3”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 reduced Suwon11 resistance against stripe rust pathotype CYR23.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Suwon11e0
- Treatment
- barley stripe mosaic virus-inducedgene silencing of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Interactor
- Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. triticie1pathogen
- Gene
- TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Outcome
- resistancein wheat cultivar Suwon11e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“barley stripe mosaic virus-inducedgene silencing of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 reduced resistancein wheat cultivar Suwon11 against an avirulent stripe rustpathotype CYR23”
e1“Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 reduced necrotic cell area near infection sites.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- gene silencing of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Interactor
- Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. triticie1pathogen
- Gene
- TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Outcome
- area of necrotic cells neighboringthe infection sitese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene silencing of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 reduced resistancein wheat cultivar Suwon11 against an avirulent stripe rustpathotype CYR23 and area of necrotic cells neighboringthe infection sites”
e1“Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 altered defense related gene expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- gene silencing of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Gene
- TaHIR1 and TaHIR3e0
- Outcome
- expression levels ofdefense-related genese0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene silencing of TaHIR1 and TaHIR3 reduced resistancein wheat cultivar Suwon11 against an avirulent stripe rustpathotype CYR23 and area of necrotic cells neighboringthe infection sites, and altered the expression levels ofdefense-related genes.”
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