Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of sodium nitroprusside-NPS (nitric oxide donor) on the emergence and initial growth of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) subjected to different copper concentrations. The study followed a completely randomized design at 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with 12 treatments and 8 repetitions, totally 96 trays with 25 seedlings per repetition. Seedlings were soaked in sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution (0.75 and 150 µM - donor), sodium ferrocyanide (SF) (0.75 and 150 µM - compensator) and deionized water (control) on Germitest paper for 48 hours. Next, they were placed on sand saturated with CuSO4.5H2O at concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 µM. The results showed that SNP doses were not capable of mitigating copper toxicity in seedling emergence, influencing emergence speed coefficient and prolonging the mean emergence time of plants subjected to copper concentrations of 100 µM and 200 µM. Copper concentrations rose the number of abnormal seedlings and had negative influence on plant biometrics and biomass. Copper concentration of 200 µM increased proline content in the roots. NPS and sodium ferrocyanide application had effect on emergence speed index, shoot and root dry mass and on proline content in the shoot and roots. This outcome highlights that such effects were caused by treatments related to release of cyanide found in sodium nitroprusside (SNP), rather than to nitric oxide (NO)
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
SNP did not mitigate copper toxicity in maize seedling emergence.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP doses were not capable of mitigating copper toxicity in seedling emergence”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP affected the emergence speed coefficient under 100 and 200 µM copper.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“influencing emergence speed coefficient and prolonging the mean emergence time of plants subjected to copper concentrations of 100 µM and 200 µM”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP prolonged mean emergence time under 100 and 200 µM copper.
- Treatment
- SNP dosese0
- Outcome
- mean emergence timee0
- Direction
- prolonginge0
- Qualifier
- copper concentrations of 100 µM and 200 µMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP doses were not capable of mitigating copper toxicity in seedling emergence, influencing emergence speed coefficient and prolonging the mean emergence time of plants subjected to copper concentrations of 100 µM and 200 µM.”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher copper concentrations increased abnormal maize seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper concentrations rose the number of abnormal seedlings”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper concentrations negatively affected maize biometrics and biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper concentrations rose the number of abnormal seedlings and had negative influence on plant biometrics and biomass.”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper at 200 µM increased root proline content.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Copper concentration of 200 µMe0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper concentration of 200 µM increased proline content in the roots.”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPS and sodium ferrocyanide affected emergence speed index.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPS and sodium ferrocyanide application had effect on emergence speed index, shoot and root dry mass and on proline content in the shoot and roots.”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPS and sodium ferrocyanide affected shoot and root dry mass.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPS and sodium ferrocyanide application had effect on emergence speed index, shoot and root dry mass and on proline content in the shoot and roots.”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPS and sodium ferrocyanide affected shoot and root proline content.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPS and sodium ferrocyanide application had effect on emergence speed index, shoot and root dry mass and on proline content in the shoot and roots.”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the treatment effects to cyanide release from SNP rather than nitric oxide.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such effects were caused by treatments related to release of cyanide found in sodium nitroprusside (SNP), rather than to nitric oxide (NO)”
t0“maize seedling (Zea mays L.)”
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