Abstract
The use of microbial inoculants, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, has great potential for sustainable crop management, which aims to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. However, one of the major challenges of their use in agriculture is the variability of the inoculation effects in the field, partly because of the varying environmental conditions. Light intensity and quality affect plant growth and defense, but little is known about their impacts on the benefits of mycorrhizal symbioses. We tested the effects of five different light intensities on plant nutrition and resistance to the necrotrophic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal lettuce plants. Our results evidence that mycorrhiza establishment is strongly influenced by light intensity, both regarding the extension of root colonization and the abundance of fungal vesicles within the roots. Light intensity also had significant effects on plant growth, nutrient content, and resistance to the pathogen. The effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant growth and nutrient content depended on the light intensity, and mycorrhiza efficiently reduced disease incidence and severity under all light intensities. Thus, mycorrhiza-induced resistance can be uncoupled from mycorrhizal effects on plant nutrition. Therefore, mycorrhizal symbioses can be beneficial by providing biotic stress protection even in the absence of nutritional or growth benefits.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Light intensity strongly influenced mycorrhiza establishment, including the extent of root colonization and the abundance of fungal vesicles in roots, in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- light intensitye0
- Outcome
- mycorrhiza establishmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhiza establishment is strongly influenced by light intensity, both regarding the extension of root colonization and the abundance of fungal vesicles within the roots”
e1“resistance to the necrotrophic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Light intensity had significant effects on lettuce plant growth, nutrient content and resistance to Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Light intensitye0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Outcome
- plant growth, nutrient content, and resistance to the pathogene0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light intensity also had significant effects on plant growth, nutrient content, and resistance to the pathogen”
e1“resistance to the necrotrophic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on lettuce growth and nutrient content depended on light intensity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal symbiosise0
- Outcome
- plant growth and nutrient contente0
- Qualifier
- depended on the light intensitye0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal lettuce plantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant growth and nutrient content depended on the light intensity”
e1“resistance to the necrotrophic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza efficiently reduced disease incidence and severity caused by Botrytis cinerea in lettuce under all light intensities.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizae0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- under all light intensitiese0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal lettuce plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhiza efficiently reduced disease incidence and severity under all light intensities”
e1“resistance to the necrotrophic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that mycorrhiza-induced resistance can be uncoupled from mycorrhizal effects on plant nutrition in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- mycorrhiza-induced resistancee0
- Qualifier
- uncoupled from mycorrhizal effects on plant nutritione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhiza-induced resistance can be uncoupled from mycorrhizal effects on plant nutrition”
e1“resistance to the necrotrophic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal lettuce plants”