Abstract
Abstract Background The use of biochar-based N fertilizers have been considered among the most effective strategy for reducing nitrogen loss and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, effect and mechanism of biochar-coated urea (BCU) controlling the loss of nitrogen from soil and NUE are rarely reported. Methodology In this study, a 65-d culture pot experiment of oilseed rape was used to investigate the impact of BCU on nitrogen leaching, ammonia volatilization, soil nitrogen concentrations, soil pH, nitrogen uptake, NUE and oilseed rape biomass as compared with urea and urea combined with biochar at same nitrogen level. Results Results showed that the application of BCU could minimize nitrogen loss mainly by reducing nitrate leaching loss; which could be attributed to the slow-release performance of BCU, followed by biochar induced adsorption/fixation of nitrogen due to the porous nature and surface functional groups of biochar. However, the application of BCU enhanced ammonia volatilization due to the increase of soil NH 4 + –N concentration and pH value of microenvironment around urea by BCU. The application of BCU increased NUE by about 20% when compared with urea, since BCU reduced losses of nitrogen fertilizer and increased concentration of nitrogen in the soil as well as nitrogen uptake in oilseed rape. Furthermore, the reduction of nitrogen application by 20% when BCU served as a nitrogen source not only reduced nitrogen loss but significantly improved NUE, with no negative effect on the biomass of oilseed rape. Conclusion BCU can serve as a promising control release nitrogen fertilizer for reducing loss of nitrogen and increasing NUE. However further investigations are required to validate the dosage-effect relationship of BCU on crop yield at the field scale.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea reduced nitrate leaching loss.
- Taxon
- oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse1 - Treatment
- BCUe0
- Outcome
- nitrate leaching losse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the application of BCU could minimize nitrogen loss mainly by reducing nitrate leaching loss”
e1“pot experiment of oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea enhanced ammonia volatilization.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse1
- Treatment
- BCUe0
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of BCU enhanced ammonia volatilization due to the increase of soil NH 4 + –N concentration and pH value of microenvironment around urea by BCU.”
e1“pot experiment of oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea increased soil ammonium N concentration.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse1
- Treatment
- BCUe0
- Outcome
- soil NH 4 + –N concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of BCU enhanced ammonia volatilization due to the increase of soil NH 4 + –N concentration and pH value of microenvironment around urea by BCU.”
e1“pot experiment of oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea increased local soil pH.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse1
- Treatment
- BCUe0
- Outcome
- pH value of microenvironment around ureae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of BCU enhanced ammonia volatilization due to the increase of soil NH 4 + –N concentration and pH value of microenvironment around urea by BCU.”
e1“pot experiment of oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea increased nitrogen use efficiency by about 20% relative to urea.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse1
- Treatment
- BCUe0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- about 20%e0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of BCU increased NUE by about 20% when compared with urea”
e1“pot experiment of oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar-coated urea increased soil nitrogen concentration and oilseed rape nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- BCUe0
- Outcome
- concentration of nitrogen in the soil as well as nitrogen uptake in oilseed rapee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BCU reduced losses of nitrogen fertilizer and increased concentration of nitrogen in the soil as well as nitrogen uptake in oilseed rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing BCU nitrogen application by 20% reduced nitrogen loss.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- reduction of nitrogen application by 20% when BCU served as a nitrogen sourcee0
- Outcome
- nitrogen losse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of nitrogen application by 20% when BCU served as a nitrogen source not only reduced nitrogen loss but significantly improved NUE, with no negative effect on the biomass of oilseed rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing BCU nitrogen application by 20% significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- reduction of nitrogen application by 20% when BCU served as a nitrogen sourcee0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of nitrogen application by 20% when BCU served as a nitrogen source not only reduced nitrogen loss but significantly improved NUE, with no negative effect on the biomass of oilseed rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing BCU nitrogen application by 20% had no negative effect on oilseed rape biomass.
- Taxon
- oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- reduction of nitrogen application by 20% when BCU served as a nitrogen sourcee0
- Outcome
- biomass of oilseed rapee0
- Direction
- no negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of nitrogen application by 20% when BCU served as a nitrogen source not only reduced nitrogen loss but significantly improved NUE, with no negative effect on the biomass of oilseed rape.”
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