Abstract
Abstract In order to reduce nitrogen leaching during the autumn‐winter period and to test methods for quantifying leaching processes, a field trial was performed on a sandy soil at the experimental station in Berlin‐Dahlem. Treatments comprised different tillage managements (10 cm rotary hoe vs. 25 cm plough), fallow vs. growing winter rape as a catch crop, and different nitrogen applications (0, 50, 100 kg/ha N). Effects were appraised by simple nitrogen balance, determination of N min and nitrate concentrations in the soil water. First attempts were made to assess water flows in the soil monitoring matric water potentials. The catch crop took up about 55 kg/ha N and was by far most efficient in reducing N min and nitrate concentrations of the soil; moreover, the beginning of water movement in the soil was considerably delayed. The addition of 50 or 100 kg/ha N stimulated growth and N‐uptake by the catch crop, but revealed no obvious advantage in N‐conservation in the soil, besides a 3‐day‐retardation of leaching. N min in May as well as plant data of the following spring wheat indicated a poor efficiency of autumn‐applied nitrogen. Reduced tillage on the fallow decreased N min and nitrate concentrations, but such effect was hardly detectable in combination with the catch crop (due to its impact on growth and N‐uptake). Zusammenfassung Stickstoffverlagerung auf einem sandigen Ackerboden und Möglichkeiten zur Minderung von Verlusten — vorläufige Ergebnisse Mit dem Ziel N‐Verlagerung im Herbst— Winter zu verringern und Methoden der Quantifizierung des Verlagerungsprozesses zu testen, wurde ein erster Feldversuch auf einem Sandboden der Versuchsstation in Dahlem angelegt. Die Maßnahmen umfaßten Bodenbearbeitung (10 cm flaches Fräsen und 25 cm tiefes Pflügen), Brache und Zwischenfruchtanbau mit Winterraps sowie 0, 50 und 100 kg/ha N‐Düngung. Die Wirkungen wurden anhand einer vereinfachten N‐Bilanz, Bestimmungen von N min sowie Nitrat der Bodenlösung überprüft. Einen ersten Ansatz, den Wasserfluß im Boden zu erfassen, bildete die Ermittlung der matrikalen Wasserpotentiale. Die Zwischenfrucht nahm ca. 55 kg/ha N auf und minderte die N min ‐ und Nitratwerte im Boden am effektivsten, darüber hinaus verzögerte sie den Beginn der Wasserbewegung im Herbst erheblich. Eine Düngung mit 50 oder 100 kg/ha N förderte Wachstum und N‐Aufnahme der Zwischenfrucht, aber bedingte außer einer 3tägigen Verzögerung der Verlagerung keine Vorteile bei der N‐Konser‐vierung. N min im Mai und Pflanzendaten der Nachfrucht wiesen auf eine schlechte Effizienz dieser N‐Düngung. Reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung senkte die N min ‐ und Nitratkonzentration unter Brache leicht, nicht jedoch bei Zwischenfruchtanbau.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Winter rape catch crop took up about 55 kg/ha nitrogen.
- Taxon
- winter rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Outcome
- catch crop took upe0
- Value
- about 55 kg/ha Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The catch crop took up about 55 kg/ha N”
t0“winter rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The catch crop reduced soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate concentrations most effectively.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- catch crope0
- Outcome
- N min and nitrate concentrations of the soile0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The catch crop took up about 55 kg/ha N and was by far most efficient in reducing N min and nitrate concentrations of the soil”
t0“winter rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The catch crop delayed onset of soil water movement.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- catch cropt1
- Outcome
- beginning of water movement in the soile0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the beginning of water movement in the soil was considerably delayed”
t0“winter rape”
t1“The catch crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Added nitrogen stimulated catch crop growth.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- 50 or 100 kg/ha Ne0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter rape”
e0“The addition of 50 or 100 kg/ha N stimulated growth and N‐uptake by the catch crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Added nitrogen stimulated catch crop nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- 50 or 100 kg/ha Ne0
- Outcome
- N‐uptakee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter rape”
e0“The addition of 50 or 100 kg/ha N stimulated growth and N‐uptake by the catch crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Added nitrogen gave no obvious soil nitrogen conservation advantage.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- 50 or 100 kg/ha Nt1
- Outcome
- N‐conservation in the soile0
- Direction
- no obvious advantagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter rape”
e0“revealed no obvious advantage in N‐conservation in the soil”
t1“50 or 100 kg/ha N”
Claim · model-written summary
Added nitrogen retarded leaching by three days.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- 50 or 100 kg/ha Nt1
- Outcome
- leachinge0
- Direction
- retardatione0
- Value
- 3‐daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter rape”
e0“a 3‐day‐retardation of leaching”
t1“50 or 100 kg/ha N”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant data from following spring wheat indicated poor efficiency of autumn nitrogen.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- poor efficiency of autumn‐applied nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant data of the following spring wheat indicated a poor efficiency of autumn‐applied nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage on fallow decreased soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Reduced tillagee0
- Outcome
- N min and nitrate concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter rape”
e0“Reduced tillage on the fallow decreased N min and nitrate concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage effect was hardly detectable with the catch crop.
- Taxon
- winter rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- catch crope0
- Outcome
- such effect was hardly detectablee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter rape”
e0“such effect was hardly detectable in combination with the catch crop”
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