Abstract
Abstract Previous studies simply focused on determining nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from the soil under different tillage operations and nitrogen (N) fertilizations without considering crop yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different tillage operations and N fertilizations on N 2 O emissions and crop yield from upland soil. Two different tillage operations [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)] and N fertilizations [without urea (WOU) and with 186 kg N ha −1 of urea (WU)] were established in a randomized block design with three replications on upland soil. Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1), and from 15th April to 26th July, 2019 (year 2). The daily N 2 O flux did not peak soon after tillage operation and N fertilization, but it was more related to the change in water-filled pore space (WFPS). The mean value of WFPS across N fertilizations and seasons (years) was higher in CT than in NT. The changes of nitrification and denitrification rates could be attributed to the differences in WFPS between CT and NT. Nitrification was the predominant process producing N 2 O with CT, but denitrification was with NT. The application of urea increased cumulative N 2 O emissions, while CT also increased it compared with NT. The order of the mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissions across seasons from the highest to the lowest was as follows: CT + WU (7.12 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WU (5.69 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) ≥ CT + WOU (5.02 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WOU (4.24 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ). Tillage operation did not affect the grain yield of maize or yield-scaled N 2 O emissions (YSNE). However, the application of urea increased the grain yield of maize and decreased YSNE, implying it could reduce N 2 O emission per unit of maize grain production. No-tillage management did not decrease YSNE value compared to CT operation, but N fertilization significantly decreased YSNE in the current study.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Urea application increased cumulative N2O emissions compared with no urea
- Treatment
- application of ureae1
- Outcome
- cumulative N 2 O emissionse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- without urea (WOU)e2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The application of urea increased cumulative N 2 O emissions”
e2“without urea (WOU) and with 186 kg N ha −1 of urea (WU)”
e3“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased cumulative N2O emissions compared with no-tillage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“while CT also increased it compared with NT”
e2“The application of urea increased cumulative N 2 O emissions”
e3“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
CT + WU had the highest mean cumulative N2O emissions across seasons, 7.12 kg N2O ha-1 year-1
- Treatment
- CT + WUe1
- Outcome
- mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissionse1
- Value
- 7.12 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The order of the mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissions across seasons from the highest to the lowest was as follows: CT + WU (7.12 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WU (5.69 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) ≥ CT + WOU (5.02 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WOU (4.24 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 )”
e2“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
NT + WU had mean cumulative N2O emissions of 5.69 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 across seasons
- Treatment
- NT + WUe1
- Outcome
- mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissionse1
- Value
- 5.69 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The order of the mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissions across seasons from the highest to the lowest was as follows: CT + WU (7.12 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WU (5.69 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) ≥ CT + WOU (5.02 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WOU (4.24 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 )”
e2“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
CT + WOU had mean cumulative N2O emissions of 5.02 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 across seasons
- Treatment
- CT + WOUe1
- Outcome
- mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissionse1
- Value
- 5.02 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The order of the mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissions across seasons from the highest to the lowest was as follows: CT + WU (7.12 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WU (5.69 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) ≥ CT + WOU (5.02 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WOU (4.24 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 )”
e2“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
NT + WOU had mean cumulative N2O emissions of 4.24 kg N2O ha-1 year-1 across seasons
- Treatment
- NT + WOUe1
- Outcome
- mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissionse1
- Value
- 4.24 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The order of the mean values of cumulative N 2 O emissions across seasons from the highest to the lowest was as follows: CT + WU (7.12 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WU (5.69 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) ≥ CT + WOU (5.02 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 ) > NT + WOU (4.24 kg N 2 O ha −1 year −1 )”
e2“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage operation did not affect maize grain yield or yield-scaled N2O emissions
- Treatment
- Tillage operatione1
- Outcome
- grain yield of maize or yield-scaled N 2 O emissions (YSNE)e1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Tillage operation did not affect the grain yield of maize or yield-scaled N 2 O emissions (YSNE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea application increased maize grain yield
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“However, the application of urea increased the grain yield of maize and decreased YSNE”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea application decreased yield-scaled N2O emissions
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“However, the application of urea increased the grain yield of maize and decreased YSNE”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage did not decrease YSNE compared with conventional tillage
- Treatment
- No-tillage managemente1
- Outcome
- YSNE valuee1
- Direction
- did not decreasee1
- Comparator
- CT operatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“No-tillage management did not decrease YSNE value compared to CT operation”
e2“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization significantly decreased YSNE
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“but N fertilization significantly decreased YSNE in the current study”
e2“Maize ( Zea mays ) was cultivated from 6th July to 4th October, 2018 (year 1)”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · environment: emissions · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →nitrogen · environment: emissions · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 45 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
286 papers in the same direction as this paper · 812 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.