Abstract
Recently there is a worldwide emphasis to shift intensive tillage to conservation tillage to control soil degradation.The objectives of this study were to evaluate long-term effects of conservation tillage on soil characteristics and prospects of cropping intensification in a subtropical dryland.This two-year field study was carried out in the plots of an established longterm field experiment (initiated in 2011) where four tillage systems were compared viz., conventional tillage (CT, moldboard), minimum tillage (MT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT).Each tillage plot was split into three subplots for crop sequences viz., fallow-wheat (Triticum aestivum) (F-W), mung bean (Vigna radiata) green manure-wheat (M-W) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) fodder-wheat (S-W).Under all crop sequences soil profile water content (0-90 cm) was the highest in RT tillage plots (19%) and the lowest in ZT plots (13%).Both RT and ZT significantly increased water stable aggregates in soil (35%) compared with CT (22%).However, ZT had the highest bulk density that was on average 1.53 Mg ha -1 compared to 1.45 Mg ha -1 under CT.In summer, RT tillage produced higher biomass yield of sorghum and mung bean than other tillage systems.In winter, RT produced the highest wheat grain yield, which was 2.89 and 2.84 t ha -1 in 2016, and 2.63 and 2.61 t ha -1 in 2017 especially in F-W and M-W systems, respectively.Moreover, DSSAT model also confirmed increase in biomass and grain yields of wheat with long-term application of RT practices.In conclusion, reduced tillage strategy should be implemented to avoid soil deterioration and enhance crop productivity in subtropical drylands.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soil profile water content (0-90 cm) was highest in reduced tillage plots, 19%, compared with zero tillage.
- Treatment
- RT tillage plotse0
- Outcome
- soil profile water contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- ZT plotse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“soil profile water content (0-90 cm) was the highest in RT tillage plots (19%) and the lowest in ZT plots (13%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil profile water content was lowest in zero tillage plots, 13%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“soil profile water content (0-90 cm) was the highest in RT tillage plots (19%) and the lowest in ZT plots (13%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both reduced and zero tillage significantly increased water stable aggregates in soil (35%) compared with conventional tillage (22%).
- Treatment
- Both RT and ZTe0
- Outcome
- water stable aggregatese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Qualifier
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Both RT and ZT significantly increased water stable aggregates in soil (35%) compared with CT (22%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage had the highest bulk density, on average 1.53 Mg ha-1 versus 1.45 under conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.53 Mg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.45 Mg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“ZT had the highest bulk density that was on average 1.53 Mg ha -1 compared to 1.45 Mg ha -1 under CT”
Claim · model-written summary
In summer, reduced tillage produced higher sorghum biomass yield than other tillage systems.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In summer, RT tillage produced higher biomass yield of sorghum and mung bean than other tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
In summer, reduced tillage produced higher mung bean biomass yield than other tillage systems.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- RT tillagee0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other tillage systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In summer, RT tillage produced higher biomass yield of sorghum and mung bean than other tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
In winter, reduced tillage gave the highest wheat grain yield, 2.89 t/ha in 2016 in the fallow-wheat system.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.89e0
- Qualifier
- F-We0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RT produced the highest wheat grain yield, which was 2.89 and 2.84 t ha -1 in 2016, and 2.63 and 2.61 t ha -1 in 2017 especially in F-W and M-W systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In winter, reduced tillage gave the highest wheat grain yield, 2.84 t/ha in 2016 in the mung bean green manure-wheat system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.84 t ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- M-We0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RT produced the highest wheat grain yield, which was 2.89 and 2.84 t ha -1 in 2016, and 2.63 and 2.61 t ha -1 in 2017 especially in F-W and M-W systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In winter, reduced tillage gave the highest wheat grain yield, 2.63 t/ha in 2017 in the fallow-wheat system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.63e0
- Qualifier
- F-We0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RT produced the highest wheat grain yield, which was 2.89 and 2.84 t ha -1 in 2016, and 2.63 and 2.61 t ha -1 in 2017 especially in F-W and M-W systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In winter, reduced tillage gave the highest wheat grain yield, 2.61 t/ha in 2017 in the mung bean green manure-wheat system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.61 t ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- M-We0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RT produced the highest wheat grain yield, which was 2.89 and 2.84 t ha -1 in 2016, and 2.63 and 2.61 t ha -1 in 2017 especially in F-W and M-W systems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The DSSAT model simulated increased wheat biomass and grain yields with long-term application of reduced tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- long-term application of RT practicese0
- Outcome
- biomass and grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DSSAT model also confirmed increase in biomass and grain yields of wheat with long-term application of RT practices”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend implementing reduced tillage in subtropical drylands to avoid soil deterioration and raise crop productivity.
Verbatim
e0“reduced tillage strategy should be implemented to avoid soil deterioration and enhance crop productivity in subtropical drylands”
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See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.