Abstract
Abstract In rice production, early growth is often slow in direct‐seeded system. Techniques to overcome this barrier are needed. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Kikuichi—a biofertilizer containing Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 spore—in promoting rice growth in a direct‐sowing system. Oxygen, iron, and molybdenum as coating materials were also evaluated to combine with biofertilizer. The seeds were coated with powdered Kikuichi with polyvinyl alcohol followed by a coating with calcium peroxide (CALPER), molybdenum (Benmoly), and iron powder. Double coating with the biofertilizer and Benmoly promoted plant growth. We applied amounts of Kikuichi equivalent to one, two and a half, and five times the weight of the seeds and found that the growth‐promoting effect was dependent on the amount applied. The best timing of application of the coating, specifically during sprouting, was before the coleoptile emerged. Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 can enhance the growth of rice when it exists in high concentration on the spermosphere by coating with molybdenum, but double coating with neither calcium peroxide nor iron powder contributed to the initial growth of the seeds. Kikuichi coating with Benmoly has positive effects on the rice growth. This coating method is suitable to apply biofertilizer for direct sowing cultivation of rice.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Double coating with the biofertilizer and Benmoly promoted rice plant growth.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Double coating with the biofertilizer and Benmolye1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- promotede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed coating by biofertilizer containing spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 strain enhanced initial growth of Oryza sativa L.”
e1“Double coating with the biofertilizer and Benmoly promoted plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth-promoting effect of the biofertilizer on rice depended on the amount applied (one to five times seed weight).
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- amounts of Kikuichi equivalent to one, two and a half, and five times the weight of the seedse2
- Outcome
- promoting effecte2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed coating by biofertilizer containing spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 strain enhanced initial growth of Oryza sativa L.”
e2“We applied amounts of Kikuichi equivalent to one, two and a half, and five times the weight of the seeds and found that the growth‐promoting effect was dependent on the amount applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The best timing of coating application was during sprouting, before the coleoptile emerged.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Outcome
- best timing of application of the coatinge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed coating by biofertilizer containing spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 strain enhanced initial growth of Oryza sativa L.”
e3“The best timing of application of the coating, specifically during sprouting, was before the coleoptile emerged”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 enhanced rice growth when it was present at high concentration on the spermosphere after molybdenum coating.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- coating with molybdenume4
- Interactor
- Bacillus pumilus TUAT1Bacillus pumiluse4symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe4
- Direction
- enhancee4
- Qualifier
- when it exists in high concentration on the spermospheree4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed coating by biofertilizer containing spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 strain enhanced initial growth of Oryza sativa L.”
e4“Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 can enhance the growth of rice when it exists in high concentration on the spermosphere by coating with molybdenum”
Claim · model-written summary
Double coating with neither calcium peroxide nor iron powder changed the initial growth of rice seeds.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- double coating with neither calcium peroxide nor iron powdere5
- Outcome
- initial growth of the seedse5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Seed coating by biofertilizer containing spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 strain enhanced initial growth of Oryza sativa L.”
e5“but double coating with neither calcium peroxide nor iron powder contributed to the initial growth of the seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Kikuichi coating with Benmoly increased rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Treatment
- Kikuichi coating with Benmolye6
- Outcome
- rice growthe6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Kikuichi coating with Benmoly has positive effects on the rice growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The Kikuichi coating method is suggested for direct sowing cultivation of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Outcome
- suitable to apply biofertilizer for direct sowing cultivatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“This coating method is suitable to apply biofertilizer for direct sowing cultivation of rice”
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