Abstract
Yield gap analysis evaluates magnitude and variability of difference between crop yield potential and yield obtained at farmers ’fields. The magnitude of yield gap and related causes vary substantially, and depends upon technology gap generated by partial or incomplete adoption of locally optimized technology. Periodic survey (2013–16) revealed that ∼622 per cent of wheat area in Mansa (Punjab)during 2012–16 was under un-recommended varieties. More than 1/3rd (∼35%) of farmers were using un-treated wheat seed and therefore, experienced infestation of seed borne diseases at their fields. About 28 per cent farmers were using higher seed rate than recommended (100 kg seed ha−1), constitutes majority of those farmers who had retained seed from previous year harvest. Only 1/10th of farmers apply fertilizer N to wheat at recommended rate (125 kg N ha−1). About 81 per cent farmers did not apply basal N dose, therefore, appearance of N deficiency on lower wheat leaves occur commonly, resulting in a significant set-back on crop grain yield. Data revealed that 91, 79 and 67 per cent of farmers did not apply K, Zn and Mn, respectively to wheat, albeit of their deficiency in the soils. An assessment of yield gap showed a potential to increase the wheat grain yield upto 0.91t ha−1. Seed treatment before sowing resulted in an increase in wheat grain yield by 0.30 t ha−1 (6.1%). Nitrogen application at sowing increased wheat grain yield by 0.62 t ha−1 (13.6%), compared with plots without basal N application. Results of the survey showed a potential to increase wheat grain yield from 0.28–1.08 t ha−1 (6.5–25.6%) with foliar application of MnSO4. Therefore, understanding crop yield potentials and exploitable gaps in crop production is essential to increase grain yield.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
About 62.2 percent of surveyed wheat area used un-recommended varieties.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- wheat areae0
- Value
- ∼622 per cente0
- Qualifier
- un-recommended varietiese0
- Setting
- Mansa (Punjab)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“∼622 per cent of wheat area in Mansa (Punjab)during 2012–16 was under un-recommended varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
About 35% of farmers used untreated wheat seed.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- farmers were using un-treated wheat seede0
- Value
- ∼35%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 1/3rd (∼35%) of farmers were using un-treated wheat seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers using untreated wheat seed experienced seed-borne disease infestation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- un-treated wheat seede0
- Outcome
- infestation of seed borne diseasese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmers were using un-treated wheat seed and therefore, experienced infestation of seed borne diseases at their fields”
Claim · model-written summary
About 28 percent of farmers used higher-than-recommended wheat seed rates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seed ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 28 per cente0
- Comparator
- recommendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 28 per cent farmers were using higher seed rate than recommended (100 kg seed ha−1)”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one tenth of farmers applied the recommended nitrogen rate to wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- farmers apply fertilizer N to wheat at recommended ratee0
- Value
- 1/10the0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only 1/10th of farmers apply fertilizer N to wheat at recommended rate (125 kg N ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
About 81 percent of farmers omitted basal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- farmers did not apply basal N dosee0
- Value
- 81 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 81 per cent farmers did not apply basal N dose”
t0“Wheat Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting basal nitrogen was linked to lower-leaf nitrogen deficiency and reduced grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- lower wheat leavese0
- Treatment
- did not apply basal N dosee0
- Outcome
- crop grain yielde0
- Direction
- set-backe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not apply basal N dose, therefore, appearance of N deficiency on lower wheat leaves occur commonly, resulting in a significant set-back on crop grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Ninety-one percent of farmers did not apply potassium to wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- did not apply Ke0
- Value
- 91e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“91, 79 and 67 per cent of farmers did not apply K, Zn and Mn, respectively to wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seventy-nine percent of farmers did not apply zinc to wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- did not apply K, Zn and Mne0
- Value
- 79e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“91, 79 and 67 per cent of farmers did not apply K, Zn and Mn, respectively to wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixty-seven percent of farmers did not apply manganese to wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- did not apply K, Zn and Mne0
- Value
- 67 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“91, 79 and 67 per cent of farmers did not apply K, Zn and Mn, respectively to wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield-gap assessment indicated wheat grain yield could rise by up to 0.91t ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.91t ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An assessment of yield gap showed a potential to increase the wheat grain yield upto 0.91t ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment increased wheat grain yield by 0.30 t ha−1, or 6.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment before sowinge0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.30 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 6.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment before sowing resulted in an increase in wheat grain yield by 0.30 t ha−1 (6.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at sowing increased wheat grain yield by 0.62 t ha−1 versus no basal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application at sowinge0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.62 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 13.6%e0
- Comparator
- plots without basal N applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application at sowing increased wheat grain yield by 0.62 t ha−1 (13.6%), compared with plots without basal N application”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar MnSO4 was associated with potential wheat grain yield increases of 0.28–1.08 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of MnSO4e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.28–1.08 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 6.5–25.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a potential to increase wheat grain yield from 0.28–1.08 t ha−1 (6.5–25.6%) with foliar application of MnSO4”
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