Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Sowing date, seeding rate, and nitrogen (N) topdressing ratio have strong effects on grain yield (GY) and bread‐making quality (BQ) in bread wheat. Simultaneous improvement in GY and BQ in bread wheat has long been a challenge due to the inverse relationship between GY and grain protein concentration (GPC). In this study, we investigated whether the GY and BQ of bread wheat sown on different dates could be improved simultaneously by optimizing the seeding rate and the N topdressing ratio. RESULTS Delaying sowing beyond a certain period led to decreases in both GY and BQ. Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio enhanced the N uptake during pre‐ and post‐anthesis, as well as N remobilization during grain filling for all wheat plants sown on different dates, thereby increasing the GPC and the total N per grain (N tot ). Consequently, grain protein composition was improved, resulting in an increased glutenin/gliadin ratio, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐insoluble glutenin/total glutenin (i.e., glutenin polymerization index), and high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit/ low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS) ratio. Increased GPC and improved grain protein composition enhanced BQ. CONCLUSION The mechanism underlying simultaneous improvement in GY and GPC as well as N tot was the greater increase in N accumulation in grains per unit area relative to increases in GY, or total grain number per unit area. The GY and BQ can be improved simultaneously regardless of sowing date by optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio via enhanced N uptake and N remobilization into grains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing beyond a threshold decreased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Delaying sowing beyond a certain periode0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delaying sowing beyond a certain period led to decreases in both GY and BQ.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed sowing beyond a threshold decreased bread-making quality.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Delaying sowing beyond a certain periode0
- Outcome
- BQe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delaying sowing beyond a certain period led to decreases in both GY and BQ.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised seeding rate and nitrogen topdressing increased pre- and post-anthesis nitrogen uptake.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratioe0
- Outcome
- N uptake during pre‐ and post‐anthesise0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio enhanced the N uptake during pre‐ and post‐anthesis, as well as N remobilization during grain filling for all wheat plants sown on different dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised seeding rate and nitrogen topdressing enhanced nitrogen remobilization during grain filling.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratioe0
- Outcome
- N remobilization during grain fillinge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio enhanced the N uptake during pre‐ and post‐anthesis, as well as N remobilization during grain filling for all wheat plants sown on different dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised management increased grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby increasing the GPC and the total N per grain (N tot )”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised management increased total nitrogen per grain.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- total N per grain (N tot )e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby increasing the GPC and the total N per grain (N tot )”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised management increased the glutenin/gliadin ratio.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- glutenin/gliadin ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain protein composition was improved, resulting in an increased glutenin/gliadin ratio, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐insoluble glutenin/total glutenin (i.e., glutenin polymerization index), and high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit/ low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS) ratio”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised management increased the glutenin polymerization index.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- glutenin polymerization indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain protein composition was improved, resulting in an increased glutenin/gliadin ratio, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐insoluble glutenin/total glutenin (i.e., glutenin polymerization index), and high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit/ low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS) ratio”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimised management increased the HMW-GS/LMW-GS ratio.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS) ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain protein composition was improved, resulting in an increased glutenin/gliadin ratio, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐insoluble glutenin/total glutenin (i.e., glutenin polymerization index), and high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit/ low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS) ratio”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain protein concentration and improved protein composition enhanced bread-making quality.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- BQe0
- Qualifier
- Increased GPC and improved grain protein compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased GPC and improved grain protein composition enhanced BQ.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimisation improved grain yield and bread-making quality simultaneously regardless of sowing date.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratioe0
- Outcome
- GY and BQe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GY and BQ can be improved simultaneously regardless of sowing date by optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio via enhanced N uptake and N remobilization into grains.”
t0“bread wheat”
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