Abstract
Functional inactivation of UDP- N -acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 (UAP1) induces defense response-related lesion-mimic spots and subsequent early senescence in every newly grown leaf of the rice mutant uap1 after a short period's normal growth. However, the molecular mechanism of these leaves sustaining the short period's survival is still unknown. Phenotypic and molecular studies show that defense response-related lesion-mimic spots and early leaf senescence appear on the normally grown uap1 leaf and aggravate with the growth time. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that UAP proteins are evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes, and there exists UAP2 protein except UAP1 protein in many higher organisms, including rice. Rice UAP2 and UAP1 proteins present high sequence identities and very similar predicted 3D structures. Transcriptional expression profile of the UAP2 gene decreases with the appearance and aggravating of leaf spots and early senescence of uap1 , implying the role of the UAP2 gene in maintaining the initial normal growth of uap1 leaves. Enzymatic experiments verified that the UAP2 protein performs highly similar UAP enzymatic activity with the UAP1 protein, catalyzing the biosynthesis of UDP-GlcNAc. And these two UAP proteins are found to have the same subcellular localization in the cytoplasm, where they most presumably perform their functions. Overexpression of the UAP2 gene in uap1 plants succeeds to rescue their leaf mutant phenotype to normal, providing direct evidence for the similar function of the UAP2 gene as the UAP1 gene. The UAP2 gene is mainly expressed in the young leaf stage for functions, while the UAP1 gene is highly expressed during the whole leaf developmental stages. Based on these findings, it is suggested that UAP2 and UAP1 play key roles in rice leaf survival during its development in a synergetic manner, protecting the leaf from early senescence.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion mimic spots and early senescence worsen over time in uap1 leaves.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- uap1e0
- Outcome
- defense response-related lesion-mimic spots and early leaf senescencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defense response-related lesion-mimic spots and early leaf senescence appear on the normally grown uap1 leaf and aggravate with the growth time”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAP proteins are evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- UAP proteinse0
- Outcome
- evolutionarily conservede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UAP proteins are evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Many higher organisms, including rice, have UAP2 as well as UAP1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- UAP2 proteine0
- Outcome
- there exists UAP2 protein except UAP1 proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there exists UAP2 protein except UAP1 protein in many higher organisms, including rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice UAP2 and UAP1 have high sequence identities.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- UAP2 and UAP1 proteinse0
- Outcome
- high sequence identitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice UAP2 and UAP1 proteins present high sequence identities and very similar predicted 3D structures”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice UAP2 and UAP1 have similar predicted three dimensional structures.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- UAP2 and UAP1 proteinse0
- Outcome
- very similar predicted 3D structurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice UAP2 and UAP1 proteins present high sequence identities and very similar predicted 3D structures”
Claim · model-written summary
UAP2 expression decreases as spots and senescence appear and worsen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- uap1e0
- Gene
- UAP2 genee0
- Outcome
- Transcriptional expression profile of the UAP2 genee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptional expression profile of the UAP2 gene decreases with the appearance and aggravating of leaf spots and early senescence of uap1”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAP2 and UAP1 have highly similar enzymatic activity in UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- UAP2 proteine0
- Outcome
- highly similar UAP enzymatic activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the UAP2 protein performs highly similar UAP enzymatic activity with the UAP1 protein, catalyzing the biosynthesis of UDP-GlcNAc”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Both UAP proteins localized in the cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- UAP proteinse0
- Outcome
- same subcellular localization in the cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two UAP proteins are found to have the same subcellular localization in the cytoplasm”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAP2 overexpression rescued the uap1 leaf phenotype to normal.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- uap1e0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of the UAP2 genee0
- Gene
- UAP2 genee0
- Outcome
- leaf mutant phenotypee0
- Direction
- rescuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of the UAP2 gene in uap1 plants succeeds to rescue their leaf mutant phenotype to normal”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAP2 expression is concentrated in young leaves.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- UAP2 genee0
- Outcome
- mainly expressed in the young leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The UAP2 gene is mainly expressed in the young leaf stage for functions”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAP1 expression is high across all leaf developmental stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- UAP1 genee0
- Outcome
- highly expressed during the whole leaf developmental stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the UAP1 gene is highly expressed during the whole leaf developmental stages”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that UAP2 and UAP1 act synergistically to protect rice leaves from early senescence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- UAP2 and UAP1e0
- Outcome
- rice leaf survivale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UAP2 and UAP1 play key roles in rice leaf survival during its development in a synergetic manner, protecting the leaf from early senescence”