Abstract
Drip irrigation is presently widely recognized as the most efficient irrigation system that can be used in woody perennial crops. However, uncertainties exist on the more appropriate agronomic design to employ. Here, we summarized the research carried out for three seasons in two young woody perennial crops (persimmon and lemon) in southeastern Spain. Several irrigation designs were compared by maintaining a similar amount of water application but varying the number of emitters and pipelines in each row in the orchard. In the lemon trial, the agronomic irrigation design was additionally combined with different irrigation regimes, comparing full irrigation (FI) with sustained deficit irrigation (SDI). In the persimmon trees, which were still at the juvenility stage, varying the number of emitters per tree or the number of drip lines per tree row, neither affects tree performance nor fruit yield in two out of the three seasons. However, over the entire experimental period, the relative trunk growth increased when more emitters were employed. In the lemon trial, carried out with trees that had reached commercial production, the FI, compared with SDI, increased trunk growth and average fruit weight, while a reduced number of fruits per tree without affecting total yield was observed in the third year of experimentation. The number of emitters per tree only had an effect the first year, increasing lemon fruit weight when the number of drippers per tree increased. In addition, fruit composition was not consistently affected by the irrigation design. It is concluded that, for a given irrigation dose, irrigation frequency, and soil conditions (loam-clay texture), in both very young and more mature trees, increasing the number of emitters or the wetted area only had some slight positive effects on tree performance.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Varying emitters per tree or drip lines per row did not affect persimmon tree performance or fruit yield in two of three seasons.
- Treatment
- varying the number of emitters per tree or the number of drip lines per tree rowe1
- Outcome
- tree performance nor fruit yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- in two out of the three seasonse1
DiospyrosNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the persimmon trees, which were still at the juvenility stage, varying the number of emitters per tree or the number of drip lines per tree row, neither affects tree performance nor fruit yield in two out of the three seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Over the whole experiment, persimmon relative trunk growth increased when more emitters were used.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the persimmon trees, which were still at the juvenility stage, varying the number of emitters per tree or the number of drip lines per tree row, neither affects tree performance nor fruit yield in two out of the three seasons”
e2“over the entire experimental period, the relative trunk growth increased when more emitters were employed”
Claim · model-written summary
In lemon, full irrigation compared with sustained deficit irrigation increased trunk growth and average fruit weight.
- Taxon
- lemon
Citrus ×limone3 - Treatment
- FIe3
- Outcome
- trunk growth and average fruit weighte3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- SDIe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In the lemon trial, carried out with trees that had reached commercial production, the FI, compared with SDI, increased trunk growth and average fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
In the third year, full irrigation reduced the number of lemon fruits per tree compared with sustained deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone3
- Treatment
- FIe3
- Outcome
- number of fruits per treee4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- in the third year of experimentatione4
- Comparator
- SDIe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In the lemon trial, carried out with trees that had reached commercial production, the FI, compared with SDI, increased trunk growth and average fruit weight”
e4“a reduced number of fruits per tree without affecting total yield was observed in the third year of experimentation”
Claim · model-written summary
Total yield of lemon was not affected by the reduced fruit number in the third year.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone3
- Treatment
- FIe3
- Outcome
- total yielde4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Qualifier
- in the third year of experimentatione4
- Comparator
- SDIe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In the lemon trial, carried out with trees that had reached commercial production, the FI, compared with SDI, increased trunk growth and average fruit weight”
e4“a reduced number of fruits per tree without affecting total yield was observed in the third year of experimentation”
Claim · model-written summary
More drippers per lemon tree increased fruit weight in the first year only.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone5
- Treatment
- number of drippers per treee5
- Outcome
- lemon fruit weighte5
- Direction
- increasinge5
- Qualifier
- the first yeare5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The number of emitters per tree only had an effect the first year, increasing lemon fruit weight when the number of drippers per tree increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit composition of lemon was not consistently affected by the irrigation design.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone5
- Treatment
- irrigation designe6
- Outcome
- fruit compositione6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The number of emitters per tree only had an effect the first year, increasing lemon fruit weight when the number of drippers per tree increased”
e6“In addition, fruit composition was not consistently affected by the irrigation design”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · quality: general · Citrus x limon (lemon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
irrigation · yield · DiospyrosPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
irrigation · yield · Citrus x limon (lemon)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.