Abstract
Low temperatures (LT) in spring can have a major impact on the yields of wheat in winter. Wheat varieties with different cold sensitivities (the cold-tolerant Yannong 19 variety and the cold-sensitive Yangmai 18 variety) were used to study the responses of the wheat grain starch synthesis and dry material accumulation to short-term LT during the booting stage. The effects of short-term LT on the activities of key wheat grain starch synthesis enzymes, starch content and grain dry-matter accumulation were determined by exposing the wheat to simulated LT of from -2 to 2°C. Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains along with decreased activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21), and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC2.4.1.18) at different spike positions during the filling stage. The rate of grain starch accumulation and starch content decreased with decreasing temperatures. Also, the duration of grain filling increased, the mean and the maximum filling rates were reduced and the quality of the grain dry-matter decreased. The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight of the mature grains also decreased. Our data showed that short-term LT stress at the booting stage caused a decrease in the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes at the grain-filling stage. These changes reduced the accumulation of starch, decreased the filling rate, and lowered the accumulation of grain dry matter to ultimately decrease grain yields.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term low temperature decreased wheat grain fullness.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Short-term LT stresse0
- Outcome
- fullness of the wheat grainse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased AGPase activity at different spike positions during filling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Short-term LT stresse0
- Gene
- adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylasee0
- Outcome
- activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains along with decreased activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21), and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC2.4.1.18) at different spike positions during the filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased SSS activity during grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Short-term LT stresse0
- Gene
- soluble starch synthasee0
- Outcome
- soluble starch synthasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains along with decreased activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21), and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC2.4.1.18) at different spike positions during the filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased GBSS activity during grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Short-term LT stresse0
- Gene
- granule-bound starch synthasee0
- Outcome
- granule-bound starch synthasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains along with decreased activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21), and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC2.4.1.18) at different spike positions during the filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased SBE activity during grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Short-term LT stresse0
- Gene
- starch branching enzymee0
- Outcome
- starch branching enzymee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains along with decreased activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21), and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC2.4.1.18) at different spike positions during the filling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain starch accumulation rate decreased as temperatures fell.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- decreasing temperaturese0
- Outcome
- rate of grain starch accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The rate of grain starch accumulation and starch content decreased with decreasing temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain starch content decreased as temperatures fell.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- decreasing temperaturese0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The rate of grain starch accumulation and starch content decreased with decreasing temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increased grain filling duration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Low Temperaturest0
- Outcome
- duration of grain fillinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain”
e0“the duration of grain filling increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced mean grain filling rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Low Temperaturest0
- Outcome
- meane0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain”
e0“the mean and the maximum filling rates were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature reduced maximum grain filling rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Low Temperaturest0
- Outcome
- maximum filling ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain”
e0“the mean and the maximum filling rates were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased grain dry matter quality.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Low Temperaturest0
- Outcome
- quality of the grain dry-mattere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain”
e0“the quality of the grain dry-matter decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased grains per spike.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Low Temperaturest0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain”
e0“The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight of the mature grains also decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased thousand grain weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Low Temperaturest0
- Outcome
- thousand-grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain”
e0“The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight of the mature grains also decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed reduced wheat grain yield to lower starch accumulation, filling rate and dry matter accumulation after booting cold stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- accumulation of starch, decreased the filling rate, and lowered the accumulation of grain dry mattere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes reduced the accumulation of starch, decreased the filling rate, and lowered the accumulation of grain dry matter to ultimately decrease grain yields”
t0“Wheat Grain”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.