Abstract
Abstract In Mississippi, rice reproduction and ripening often overlaps with soybean maturation, creating potential for herbicide exposure onto rice from desiccants applied to soybeans. Six independent studies were conducted concurrently at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS, from 2016 to 2018 to determine the response of rice to sublethal concentrations of soybean desiccants during rice reproductive and ripening growth stages. Studies included the desiccants paraquat, glyphosate, saflufenacil, sodium chlorate, paraquat + saflufenacil, and paraquat + sodium chlorate applied at a rate equal to 1/10th of Mississippi recommendations. Treatments were applied at five different rice growth stages, beginning at 50% heading––defined as 0 d after heading (DAH)––with subsequent applications at 1-wk intervals (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAH), up to harvest. Injury was observed 7 d after application (DAA), with five of six desiccants at all application timings. No injury was observed with glyphosate application across all rating intervals. Rough rice grain yield following all glyphosate applications was reduced by >6%. In the studies evaluating paraquat, injury ranged from 5% to 18% at all evaluations, regardless of application timing. Rough rice grain yield was reduced >12% 0 to 21 DAH, following paraquat application. Similar trends were observed with paraquat + saflufenacil and paraquat + sodium chlorate, with rice exhibiting yield decreases >6% following an application 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively. In studies evaluating saflufenacil and sodium chlorate, rough rice grain yield was >95% of the untreated across all application timings Yield component trends closely resembled reductions observed in rough rice grain yield. Reductions in head rice yield were >5% following applications of paraquat or paraquat + saflufenacil 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively. Late-season exposure to sublethal concentrations of desiccant from 50% heading (0 DAH) to 28 DAH has an impact on rough rice grain yield, yield components, and head rice yield.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Five of six desiccants caused rice injury seven days after application at all timings.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- five of six desiccantse0
- Outcome
- Injury was observede0
- Qualifier
- 7 d after application (DAA)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injury was observed 7 d after application (DAA), with five of six desiccants at all application timings.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate produced no rice injury across rating intervals.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- glyphosate applicatione0
- Outcome
- No injury was observede0
- Qualifier
- across all rating intervalse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No injury was observed with glyphosate application across all rating intervals.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
All glyphosate applications reduced rough rice grain yield by more than 6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- glyphosate applicationse0
- Outcome
- Rough rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rough rice grain yield following all glyphosate applications was reduced by >6%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat injury ranged from 5% to 18% regardless of application timing.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Value
- 5% to 18%e0
- Qualifier
- regardless of application timinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the studies evaluating paraquat, injury ranged from 5% to 18% at all evaluations, regardless of application timing.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat applications 0 to 21 days after heading reduced rough rice grain yield by more than 12%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- paraquat applicatione0
- Outcome
- Rough rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >12%e0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 21 DAHe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rough rice grain yield was reduced >12% 0 to 21 DAH, following paraquat application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus saflufenacil applications 0 to 14 days after heading decreased rice yield by more than 6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- paraquat + saflufenacile0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- >6%e0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar trends were observed with paraquat + saflufenacil and paraquat + sodium chlorate, with rice exhibiting yield decreases >6% following an application 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus sodium chlorate applications 0 to 21 days after heading decreased rice yield by more than 6%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- paraquat + sodium chloratee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- >6%e0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 21 DAHe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar trends were observed with paraquat + saflufenacil and paraquat + sodium chlorate, with rice exhibiting yield decreases >6% following an application 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
With saflufenacil rice grain yield exceeded 95% of untreated yield at all timings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- saflufenacile0
- Outcome
- rough rice grain yielde0
- Value
- >95%e0
- Qualifier
- across all application timingse0
- Comparator
- untreatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In studies evaluating saflufenacil and sodium chlorate, rough rice grain yield was >95% of the untreated across all application timings”
Claim · model-written summary
With sodium chlorate rice grain yield exceeded 95% of untreated yield at all timings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- sodium chloratee0
- Outcome
- rough rice grain yielde0
- Value
- >95%e0
- Qualifier
- across all application timingse0
- Comparator
- untreatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In studies evaluating saflufenacil and sodium chlorate, rough rice grain yield was >95% of the untreated across all application timings”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield component trends resembled grain yield reductions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Yield component trendse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield component trends closely resembled reductions observed in rough rice grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat applied 0 to 14 days after heading reduced head rice yield by more than 5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Outcome
- head rice yielde0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Value
- >5%e0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in head rice yield were >5% following applications of paraquat or paraquat + saflufenacil 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat plus saflufenacil applied 0 to 21 days after heading reduced head rice yield by more than 5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- paraquat + saflufenacile0
- Outcome
- head rice yielde0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Value
- >5%e0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 21 DAHe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in head rice yield were >5% following applications of paraquat or paraquat + saflufenacil 0 to 14 and 0 to 21 DAH, respectively.”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.