Abstract
Abstract Three vigor zones, identified in a Barbera vineyard by remote sensing at full canopy, were carefully ground-truthed to determine, over 2 years, the relative weight of soil factors in affecting within-field variability, and to investigate vigor zone influence on dry matter (DM) and nutrient partitioning into different vine organs. Regardless of season, high vigor (HV) achieved stronger vine capacity as total vegetative growth and yield while resulting in markedly less ripened fruits than low vigor (LV) vines. PCA analysis carried out on ten different soil and vine variables clearly separated the three vigor levels and the correlation matrix highlighted that the factors mostly contributing to HV were soil depth, soil K and P concentration, total available water, clay fraction and N leaf concentration. Conversely, sand fraction was the main marker for LV. When annual DM retrieved in clusters, canes, leaves, and shoot clippings was calculated for each vigor level and expressed as content (i.e. kg/ha) there was a general decreasing trend moving from HV to LV. However, when DM partitioned to each organ was given on a relative basis (i.e. percentage over total) results were similar across vigor levels. Similarly, when nutrients were given as content (e.g. kg or g/ha) out of 120 within-vigor combinations (12 nutrients, 2 seasons, 5 organs), 65 showed a significant difference between HV and LV. Conversely, with data expressed on a concentration basis (i.e. % DM) the number of significant differences between the vigor level means fell to 15. The study strengthens the causal link between soil properties and intra-vineyard spatial variability and clarifies that patterns of dry matter and nutrient partitioning to different vine organs are mildly affected by vine vigor when referred on a relative basis.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High vigor vines achieved stronger vine capacity as total vegetative growth and yield than low vigor vines.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“high vigor (HV) achieved stronger vine capacity as total vegetative growth and yield”
e2“low vigor (LV) vines”
Claim · model-written summary
High vigor vines had markedly less ripened fruits than low vigor vines.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“markedly less ripened fruits than low vigor (LV) vines”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA on ten soil and vine variables clearly separated the three vigor levels.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“PCA analysis carried out on ten different soil and vine variables clearly separated the three vigor levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil depth, soil K and P concentration, total available water, clay fraction and leaf N concentration were the factors mostly contributing to high vigor.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“the factors mostly contributing to HV were soil depth, soil K and P concentration, total available water, clay fraction and N leaf concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Sand fraction was the main marker for low vigor vines.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“sand fraction was the main marker for LV”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual dry matter retrieved in clusters, canes, leaves and shoot clippings, expressed as content, showed a general decreasing trend from high to low vigor.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“annual DM retrieved in clusters, canes, leaves, and shoot clippings”
e2“there was a general decreasing trend moving from HV to LV”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter partitioned to each organ, given on a relative basis as percentage of total, was similar across vigor levels.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“when DM partitioned to each organ was given on a relative basis (i.e. percentage over total) results were similar across vigor levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 120 within-vigor nutrient combinations (12 nutrients, 2 seasons, 5 organs), 65 showed a significant difference between high and low vigor when nutrients were given as content.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“out of 120 within-vigor combinations (12 nutrients, 2 seasons, 5 organs), 65 showed a significant difference between HV and LV”
Claim · model-written summary
With nutrient data expressed on a concentration basis (% DM), the number of significant differences between vigor level means fell to 15.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“with data expressed on a concentration basis (i.e. % DM) the number of significant differences between the vigor level means fell to 15”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors assert that the study strengthens the causal link between soil properties and intra-vineyard spatial variability.
Verbatim
t0“vine performance”
e1“The study strengthens the causal link between soil properties and intra-vineyard spatial variability”