Abstract
Microbial-assisted biofortification attracted much attention recently due to its sustainable and eco-friendly nature for improving nutrient content in wheat. An endophytic strain Bacillus altitudinis WR10, which showed sophistical regulation of iron (Fe) homeostasis in wheat seedlings, inspired us to test its potential for enhancing Fe biofortification in wheat grain. In this study, assays in vitro indicated that WR10 has versatile plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and bioinformatic analysis predicted its non-pathogenicity. Two inoculation methods, namely, seed soaking and soil spraying, with 10 7 cfu/ml WR10 cells were applied once before sowing of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Zhoumai 36) in the field. After wheat maturation, evaluation of yield and nutrients showed a significant increase in the mean number of kernels per spike (KPS) and the content of total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and Fe in grains. At the grain filling stage, the abundance of Bacillus spp. and the content of N, K, and Fe in the root, the stem, and the leaf were also increased in nearly all tissues, except Fe in the stem and the leaf. Further correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between the total abundance of Bacillus spp. and the content of N, K, and Fe in grains. Seed staining confirmed the enhanced accumulation of Fe, especially in the embryo and the endosperm. Finally, using a hydroponic coculture model, qPCR quantification indicated effective colonization, internalization, translocation, and replication of strain WR10 in wheat within 48 h. Collectively, strain WR10 assisted successful Fe biofortification in wheat in the field, laying a foundation for further large-scale investigation of its applicability and effectiveness.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking and soil spraying with WR10 significantly increased the mean number of kernels per spike.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Zhoumai 36e2
- Treatment
- seed soaking and soil sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Bacillus altitudinis WR10Bacillus altitudinise3symbiont
- Outcome
- mean number of kernels per spikee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“significant increase in the mean number of kernels per spike (KPS) and the content of total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and Fe in grains”
e1“Two inoculation methods, namely, seed soaking and soil spraying”
e2“Triticum aestivum L. cv. Zhoumai 36”
e3“Bacillus altitudinis WR10”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking and soil spraying with WR10 significantly increased total N, K and Fe content in grains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Zhoumai 36e2
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Treatment
- seed soaking and soil sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Bacillus altitudinis WR10Bacillus altitudinise3symbiont
- Outcome
- the content of total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and Fee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“significant increase in the mean number of kernels per spike (KPS) and the content of total nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and Fe in grains”
e1“Two inoculation methods, namely, seed soaking and soil spraying”
e2“Triticum aestivum L. cv. Zhoumai 36”
e3“Bacillus altitudinis WR10”
Claim · model-written summary
N, K and Fe content in root, stem and leaf increased in nearly all tissues at the grain filling stage, except Fe in stem and leaf.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- the root, the stem, and the leafe0
- Treatment
- seed soaking and soil sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Bacillus altitudinis WR10Bacillus altitudinise2symbiont
- Outcome
- the content of N, K, and Fee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except Fe in the stem and the leafe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“At the grain filling stage, the abundance of Bacillus spp. and the content of N, K, and Fe in the root, the stem, and the leaf were also increased in nearly all tissues, except Fe in the stem and the leaf”
e1“Two inoculation methods, namely, seed soaking and soil spraying”
e2“Bacillus altitudinis WR10”
Claim · model-written summary
Abundance of Bacillus spp. increased in the grain filling stage after WR10 application.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling stagee0
- Treatment
- seed soaking and soil sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- abundance of Bacillus spp.e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“At the grain filling stage, the abundance of Bacillus spp. and the content of N, K, and Fe in the root, the stem, and the leaf were also increased in nearly all tissues, except Fe in the stem and the leaf”
e1“Two inoculation methods, namely, seed soaking and soil spraying”
Claim · model-written summary
Total abundance of Bacillus spp. is positively related to N, K and Fe content in grains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- content of N, K, and Fe in grainse0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“a positive relationship between the total abundance of Bacillus spp. and the content of N, K, and Fe in grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed staining showed enhanced Fe accumulation in the embryo and the endosperm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- embryo and the endosperme0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Fee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“Seed staining confirmed the enhanced accumulation of Fe, especially in the embryo and the endosperm”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain WR10 effectively colonized, internalized and translocated in wheat within 48 h in a hydroponic coculture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- strain WR10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization, internalization, translocatione0
- Qualifier
- within 48 he0
- Setting
- hydroponic coculture modele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effective colonization, internalization, translocation, and replication of strain WR10 in wheat within 48 h”
e1“using a hydroponic coculture model”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain WR10 replicated in wheat within 48 h in a hydroponic coculture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- strain WR10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- replicatione0
- Qualifier
- within 48 he0
- Setting
- hydroponic coculture modele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effective colonization, internalization, translocation, and replication of strain WR10 in wheat within 48 h”
e1“using a hydroponic coculture model”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain WR10 assisted successful Fe biofortification of wheat in the field.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- strain WR10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fe biofortificatione0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strain WR10 assisted successful Fe biofortification in wheat in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro assays indicated that WR10 has versatile plant growth-promoting traits.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- WR10e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth-promoting (PGP) traitse0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“assays in vitro indicated that WR10 has versatile plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioinformatic analysis predicted that WR10 is non-pathogenic.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- non-pathogenicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Iron Biofortification”
e0“bioinformatic analysis predicted its non-pathogenicity”
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See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.