Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are an important group of phytohormones associated with diverse growth and developmental processes, including cell elongation, seed germination, and secondary growth. Recent genomic and genetic analyses have advanced our knowledge of GA signaling pathways and related genes in model plant species. However, functional genomics analyses of GA signaling pathways in Panax ginseng, a perennial herb, have rarely been carried out, despite its well-known economical and medicinal importance. Here, we conducted functional characterization of GA receptors and investigated their physiological roles in the secondary growth of P. ginseng storage roots. We found that the physiological and genetic functions of P. ginseng gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1s (PgGID1s) have been evolutionarily conserved. Additionally, the essential domains and residues in the primary protein structure for interaction with active GAs and DELLA proteins are well-conserved. Overexpression of PgGID1s in Arabidopsis completely restored the GA deficient phenotype of the Arabidopsis gid1a gid1c (atgid1a/c) double mutant. Exogenous GA treatment greatly enhanced the secondary growth of tap roots; however, paclobutrazol (PCZ), a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, reduced root growth in P. ginseng. Transcriptome profiling of P. ginseng roots revealed that GA-induced root secondary growth is closely associated with cell wall biogenesis, the cell cycle, the jasmonic acid (JA) response, and nitrate assimilation, suggesting that a transcriptional network regulate root secondary growth in P. ginseng. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism controlling secondary root growth in P. ginseng.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The physiological and genetic functions of P. ginseng GID1 receptors are evolutionarily conserved.
- Taxon
- P. ginseng
Panax ginsenge0 - Gene
- PgGID1se0
- Outcome
- physiological and genetic functionse0
- Qualifier
- evolutionarily conservede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that the physiological and genetic functions of P. ginseng gibberellin-insensitive dwarf1s (PgGID1s) have been evolutionarily conserved”
Claim · model-written summary
The essential domains and residues of P. ginseng GID1s for interaction with GAs and DELLA proteins are well-conserved.
- Taxon
- Panax ginsengPanax ginsengt0
- Outcome
- essential domains and residuese0
- Qualifier
- well-conservede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Roots in Panax ginseng”
e0“Additionally, the essential domains and residues in the primary protein structure for interaction with active GAs and DELLA proteins are well-conserved”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of PgGID1s completely restored the GA-deficient phenotype of the Arabidopsis gid1a gid1c double mutant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- gid1a gid1ce0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of PgGID1se0
- Gene
- PgGID1se0
- Outcome
- GA deficient phenotypee0
- Direction
- completely restorede0
- Comparator
- atgid1a/ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of PgGID1s in Arabidopsis completely restored the GA deficient phenotype of the Arabidopsis gid1a gid1c (atgid1a/c) double mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA greatly enhanced the secondary growth of P. ginseng tap roots.
- Taxon
- Panax ginsengPanax ginsengt0
- Organ / stage
- tap rootse1
- Treatment
- Exogenous GA treatmente1
- Outcome
- secondary growth of tap rootse1
- Direction
- greatly enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Roots in Panax ginseng”
e1“Exogenous GA treatment greatly enhanced the secondary growth of tap roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, reduced root growth in P. ginseng.
- Taxon
- P. ginsengPanax ginsenge2
- Treatment
- paclobutrazol (PCZ)e2
- Outcome
- root growthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“however, paclobutrazol (PCZ), a GA biosynthetic inhibitor, reduced root growth in P. ginseng”
Claim · model-written summary
GA-induced root secondary growth of P. ginseng is closely associated with cell wall biogenesis, the cell cycle and the jasmonic acid response.
- Taxon
- P. ginsengPanax ginsenge3
- Compound
- GAe3
- Outcome
- cell wall biogenesis, the cell cycle, the jasmonic acid (JA) responsee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Transcriptome profiling of P. ginseng roots revealed that GA-induced root secondary growth is closely associated with cell wall biogenesis, the cell cycle, the jasmonic acid (JA) response, and nitrate assimilation”
Claim · model-written summary
GA-induced root secondary growth of P. ginseng is closely associated with nitrate assimilation.
- Taxon
- P. ginsengPanax ginsenge3
- Compound
- GAe3
- Outcome
- nitrate assimilatione3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Transcriptome profiling of P. ginseng roots revealed that GA-induced root secondary growth is closely associated with cell wall biogenesis, the cell cycle, the jasmonic acid (JA) response, and nitrate assimilation”
Claim · model-written summary
A transcriptional network may regulate root secondary growth in P. ginseng.
- Taxon
- P. ginsengPanax ginsenge4
- Outcome
- root secondary growthe4
- Qualifier
- a transcriptional networke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“suggesting that a transcriptional network regulate root secondary growth in P. ginseng”
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