Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of alleviation effects of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) on copper (Cu)-induced oxidative toxicity in grapevine roots. Root growth, Cu and cation accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant activities were examined in grapevine roots grown in nutrient solutions. The experimental setting was divided into three sets; each set contained a check (Hoagland solution only) and four treatments of simultaneous exposure to 15 μM Cu with four cation levels (i.e., Ca set: 0.5, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM Ca; Mg set: 0.2, 2, 4, and 8 mM Mg; K set: 0.6, 2.4, 4.8, and 9.6 mM K). A damage assessment model (DAM)-based approach was then developed to construct the dose-effect relationship between cation levels and the alleviation effects on Cu-induced oxidative stress. Model parameterization was performed by fitting the model to the experimental data using a nonlinear regression estimation. All data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by multiple comparisons using the least significant difference (LSD) test. The results showed that significant inhibitory effects on the elongation of roots occurred in grapevine roots treated with 15 μM Cu. The addition of Ca and Mg significantly mitigated phytotoxicity in root growth, whereas no significant effect of K treatment on root growth was found. With respect to oxidative stress, ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) activities, were stimulated in the roots after exposure to 15 μM Cu for three days. Moreover, H2O2 levels decreased significantly as Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased, indicating that the coexistence of these cations effectively alleviated Cu-induced oxidative stress; however, alleviative effects were not observed in the assessment of the MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities. Based on the DAM, an exponential decay equation was developed and successfully applied to characterize the alleviative effects of Ca, Mg, and K on the H2O2 content induced by Cu in the roots. In addition, compared with Mg and K, Ca was the most effective cation in the alleviation of Cu-induced ROS. Based on the results, it could be concluded that Cu inhibited root growth and Ca and Mg absorption in grapevines, and stimulated the production of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the alleviation effects of cations on Cu-induced ROS were well described by the DAM-based approach developed in the present study.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Copper significantly inhibited grapevine root elongation.
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant inhibitory effects on the elongation of roots occurred in grapevine roots treated with 15 μM Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium significantly mitigated copper toxicity in root growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Ca and Mg significantly mitigated phytotoxicity in root growth”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium significantly mitigated copper toxicity in root growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Ca and Mg significantly mitigated phytotoxicity in root growth”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium did not significantly affect root growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant effect of K treatment on root growth was found”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper exposure stimulated root ROS and MDA content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, as well as antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) activities, were stimulated in the roots after exposure to 15 μM Cu for three days”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper exposure stimulated SOD, CAT and APX activities.
- Treatment
- 15 μM Cue0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) activities, were stimulated in the roots after exposure to 15 μM Cu for three days”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium reduced H2O2 levels.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 levels decreased significantly as Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing magnesium reduced H2O2 levels.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 levels decreased significantly as Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing potassium reduced H2O2 levels.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H2O2 levels decreased significantly as Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Cations did not alleviate MDA content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviative effects were not observed in the assessment of the MDA content”
t0“Grapevine”
e1“Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Cations did not alleviate antioxidant enzyme activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviative effects were not observed in the assessment of the MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities”
t0“Grapevine”
e1“Ca, Mg, and K concentrations increased”
Claim · model-written summary
An exponential decay DAM characterized cation alleviation of copper-induced H2O2.
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an exponential decay equation was developed and successfully applied to characterize the alleviative effects of Ca, Mg, and K on the H2O2 content induced by Cu in the roots”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium was more effective than magnesium and potassium against copper-induced ROS.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with Mg and K, Ca was the most effective cation in the alleviation of Cu-induced ROS”
t0“Grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper inhibited calcium and magnesium absorption.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu inhibited root growth and Ca and Mg absorption in grapevines”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · VitisResults differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →copper atom · nutrient: content · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
calcium atom · physiology: oxidative · VitisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
potassium · growth · VitisPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.