Abstract
The use of cultivars with a higher yield potential and the adoption of new technology have achieved high grain yields in common bean, which probably changed the demand for nutrients in this crop. However, there is almost no information about the periods of the cycle in which nutrients are most demanded at which quantities by the main cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient extraction and exportation by the common bean cultivars Pérola and IAC Alvorada, under different levels of NPK fertilization, on a dystroferric Red Nitosol, in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block (split plot) design with four replications. The plots consisted of six treatments based on a 2 x 3 factorial model, represented by two cultivars and three NPK levels (PD0 - 'Pérola' without fertilization, PD1 - 'Pérola' with 50 % of recommended fertilization, PD2 - 'Pérola' with 100 % of recommended fertilization, AD0 - 'IAC Alvorada' without fertilization, AD1 - 'IAC Alvorada' with 50 % of recommended fertilization, and AD2 - 'IAC Alvorada' with 100 % of recommended fertilization) and subplots sampled seven times during the cycle. At higher levels of NPK fertilization, the grain yield and macronutrient extraction and exportation of both cultivars were higher, but without statistical differences. Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S). Regardless of the treatment, the demand for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was highest from 45 to 55 days after emergence (DAE), i.e., in the R7 stage (pod formation), while the highest S absorption rates were concentrated between 55 and 65 DAE. More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
grain yield was higher at higher NPK fertilization levels without a statistical difference.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Material
- both cultivarse0
- Treatment
- higher levels of NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At higher levels of NPK fertilization, the grain yield and macronutrient extraction and exportation of both cultivars were higher, but without statistical differences”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
macronutrient extraction was higher at higher NPK fertilization levels without a statistical difference.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- both cultivarse0
- Treatment
- higher levels of NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- macronutrient extractione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At higher levels of NPK fertilization, the grain yield and macronutrient extraction and exportation of both cultivars were higher, but without statistical differences”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
exportation was higher at higher NPK fertilization levels without a statistical difference.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- both cultivarse0
- Treatment
- higher levels of NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- exportatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At higher levels of NPK fertilization, the grain yield and macronutrient extraction and exportation of both cultivars were higher, but without statistical differences”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
N absorption was higher under 100% recommended NPK fertilization, averaging 140 kg N per hectare.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 % of recommended NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Macronutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 140 kg Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S)”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
P absorption was higher under 100% recommended NPK fertilization, averaging 16.5 kg P per hectare.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 % of recommended NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Macronutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16.5 kg Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S)”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
K absorption was higher under 100% recommended NPK fertilization, averaging 120 kg K per hectare.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 % of recommended NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Macronutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 120 kg Ke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S)”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca absorption was higher under 100% recommended NPK fertilization, averaging 69 kg Ca per hectare.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 % of recommended NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Macronutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 69 kg Cae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S)”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg absorption was higher under 100% recommended NPK fertilization, averaging 17.9 kg Mg per hectare.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 % of recommended NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Macronutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17.9 kg Mge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S)”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
S absorption was higher under 100% recommended NPK fertilization, averaging 16.3 kg S per hectare.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 100 % of recommended NPK fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Macronutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16.3 kg Se0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Macronutrient absorption was higher in the treatments with 100 % of recommended NPK fertilization (average amounts per hectare: 140 kg N, 16.5 kg P, 120 kg K, 69 kg Ca, 17.9 kg Mg, and 16.3 kg S)”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Demand for N, P, K, Ca and Mg peaked at 45–55 DAE during pod formation.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- R7 stage (pod formation)e0
- Outcome
- demand for N, P, K, Ca, and Mge0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45 to 55 days after emergence (DAE)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the treatment, the demand for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was highest from 45 to 55 days after emergence (DAE), i.e., in the R7 stage (pod formation), while the highest S absorption rates were concentrated between 55 and 65 DAE”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
S absorption rate peaked at 55–65 DAE.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- S absorption ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 55 and 65 DAEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the treatment, the demand for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg was highest from 45 to 55 days after emergence (DAE), i.e., in the R7 stage (pod formation), while the highest S absorption rates were concentrated between 55 and 65 DAE”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
P absorbed during the cycle was exported in grains at More than 70 %.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Value
- More than 70 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
N absorbed during the cycle was exported in grains at between 58 and 69 %.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Value
- between 58 and 69 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
S absorbed during the cycle was exported in grains at 40 and 52 %.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Se0
- Value
- 40 and 52 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
K absorbed during the cycle was exported in grains at 40 and 48 %.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Value
- 40 and 48 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported in grains at 35 and 45 %.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Value
- 35 and 45 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported”
t0“common bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca absorbed during the cycle was exported in grains at less than 15 %.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- grainse0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Value
- less than 15 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 70 % of P, between 58 and 69 % of N, 40 and 52 % of S, 40 and 48 % of K, and 35 and 45 % of Mg absorbed during the cycle was exported with grains, whereas less than 15 % of Ca was exported”
t0“common bean”
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