Abstract
The amounts of taste components, including those for pungency, in chili pepper fruit change depending on environmental factors. Our previous study revealed that the amount of capsaicinoid was significantly increased in chili pepper fruits that were cultivated under a drought stress condition. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of drought stress on pungency and the expression levels of capsaicinoid biosynthesis genes in chili peppers. Japanese chili pepper cultivars ‘Shishito’ and ‘Sapporo’ were selected and cultivated in a greenhouse under a drought stress condition or an excess water supply condition. The fruits were used for morphological analysis, and the quantification of the capsaicinoid content in the placental septum was done using high performance liquid chromatography. Gene expression analysis was carried out using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for 18 capsaicinoid biosynthesis genes. Based on the obtained gene expression patterns, we divided the 18 genes into three groups. The genes in group 1 (ACL, pAMT, Pun1, WRKY9, CaKR1, CaMYB31, FAT, and KAS I) showed higher gene expression levels in the drought stress condition than in the excess water supply condition in both cultivars at 20 DAF. The genes in group 2 (KAS III, BCKDH, ACS, BCAT, and 4CL) showed higher gene expression levels in the drought stress condition than in the excess water supply condition in only one of the cultivars at 20 DAF. The genes in group 3 (PAL, C3H, HCT, C4H, and COMT) did not show any significant differences in gene expression between the two treatments in either cultivar at all DAF. The genes in our experiment showed similar expression patterns in pungent parthenocarpic fruit and control fruit of ‘Shishito’ as in a previous study. Moreover, we found that the number of seeds tended to be lower in fruits cultivated under a drought stress condition, while capsaicinoid content was higher. It is possible that drought stress firstly affected the number of seeds in the fruits, and the decrease in the number of seeds subsequently caused changes in capsaicinoid biosynthesis.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
In chili pepper, group 1 capsaicinoid biosynthesis genes showed higher expression under drought stress than under excess water at 20 DAF in both cultivars.
- Material
- Shishitoe2
- Organ / stage
- 20 DAFe1
- Treatment
- drought stress conditione1
- Gene
- ACL, pAMT, Pun1, WRKY9, CaKR1, CaMYB31, FAT, and KAS Ie1
- Outcome
- gene expression levelse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- excess water supply conditione1
- Setting
- greenhousee2
CapsicumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e1“The genes in group 1 (ACL, pAMT, Pun1, WRKY9, CaKR1, CaMYB31, FAT, and KAS I) showed higher gene expression levels in the drought stress condition than in the excess water supply condition in both cultivars at 20 DAF”
e2“Japanese chili pepper cultivars ‘Shishito’ and ‘Sapporo’ were selected and cultivated in a greenhouse under a drought stress condition or an excess water supply condition”
Claim · model-written summary
In chili pepper, group 2 capsaicinoid biosynthesis genes showed higher expression under drought stress than under excess water in only one cultivar at 20 DAF.
- Organ / stage
- 20 DAFe1
- Treatment
- drought stress conditione1
- Gene
- KAS III, BCKDH, ACS, BCAT, and 4CLe1
- Outcome
- gene expression levelse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- in only one of the cultivarse1
- Comparator
- excess water supply conditione1
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e1“The genes in group 2 (KAS III, BCKDH, ACS, BCAT, and 4CL) showed higher gene expression levels in the drought stress condition than in the excess water supply condition in only one of the cultivars at 20 DAF”
e2“Japanese chili pepper cultivars ‘Shishito’ and ‘Sapporo’ were selected and cultivated in a greenhouse under a drought stress condition or an excess water supply condition”
Claim · model-written summary
In chili pepper, group 3 capsaicinoid biosynthesis genes showed no significant expression difference between drought stress and excess water at any DAF in either cultivar.
- Treatment
- drought stress conditione2
- Gene
- PAL, C3H, HCT, C4H, and COMTe1
- Outcome
- gene expressione1
- Direction
- did not show any significant differencese1
- Qualifier
- at all DAFe1
- Comparator
- excess water supply conditione2
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e1“The genes in group 3 (PAL, C3H, HCT, C4H, and COMT) did not show any significant differences in gene expression between the two treatments in either cultivar at all DAF”
e2“Japanese chili pepper cultivars ‘Shishito’ and ‘Sapporo’ were selected and cultivated in a greenhouse under a drought stress condition or an excess water supply condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, the number of seeds in chili pepper fruits tended to be lower.
- Organ / stage
- fruitse1
- Treatment
- drought stress conditione1
- Outcome
- number of seedse1
- Direction
- tended to be lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e1“the number of seeds tended to be lower in fruits cultivated under a drought stress condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought stress, capsaicinoid content in chili pepper fruits was higher.
- Treatment
- drought stress conditione2
- Outcome
- capsaicinoid contente5
- Direction
- highere5
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e5“while capsaicinoid content was higher”
e2“Japanese chili pepper cultivars ‘Shishito’ and ‘Sapporo’ were selected and cultivated in a greenhouse under a drought stress condition or an excess water supply condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene expression patterns in this study were similar to those of a previous study in pungent parthenocarpic fruit and control fruit.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e1“The genes in our experiment showed similar expression patterns in pungent parthenocarpic fruit and control fruit”
The same questions in other papers
drought · molecular: expression · Capsicum (peppers)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.