Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of seed priming. This was done by soaking the seeds of two rapeseed cultivars, namely, ZY15 (tolerant to low temperature and drought) and HY49 (sensitive to low temperature and drought), for 12 h in varying solutions: distilled water, 138 mg/L salicylic acid (SA), 300 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA), 89.4 mg/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 3000 mg/L calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 30 mg/L abscisic acid (ABA). Primed and non-primed seeds were left to germinate at 15°C and -0.15 MPa (T15W15) and at 25°C and 0 MPa (T25W0), respectively. The results showed that SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA significantly improved the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), stem length (SL), and seed vigor index (SVI) under T15W15. For ZY15 seeds under T25W0, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming reduced the average germination time (96% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (88% after 5 days). For ZY15 seeds under T15W15, SA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming, with respect to the control and water-treated groups, shortened the average germination time (92% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (80% after 5 days). For HY49 seeds under T25W0, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming reduced the average germination time (92% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (85% after 5 days). Similarly, for HY49 seeds under T15W15, GA priming shortened the average germination time (89% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (83% after 5 days). These priming agents increased the net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration rate of rape seedlings under conditions of low temperature and drought stress, while also decreasing intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Additionally, SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA increased superoxide dismutase concentrations (SOD) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activities of rape seedlings under stress conditions, while decreasing catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in ZY15 seedlings. In HY49, which is sensitive to low temperature and drought, all priming solutions, except for SNP, led to an increase in SOD activity levels and a decrease in CAT activity levels. Overall, SA, GA, SNP, and CaCl2 increased the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA), GA, ABA, and cytokinin (CTK) in seedlings under stress conditions. Moreover, compared to SA, CaCl2, and ABA, GA (300 mg/L) and SNP (300 mol/L) showed improved priming effects for ZY15 and HY49 under stress conditions.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2 and ABA significantly improved germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI) in rapeseed under T15W15.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABAe0
- Outcome
- germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- T15W15e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA significantly improved the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), stem length (SL), and seed vigor index (SVI) under T15W15”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2 and ABA significantly improved stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), root length (RL) in rapeseed under T15W15.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABAe0
- Outcome
- stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), root length (RL)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- T15W15e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA significantly improved the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), stem length (SL), and seed vigor index (SVI) under T15W15”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2 and ABA significantly improved stem length (SL) and seed vigor index (SVI) in rapeseed under T15W15.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Treatment
- SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABAe0
- Outcome
- stem length (SL), and seed vigor index (SVI)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- T15W15e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA significantly improved the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), stem fresh weight (SFW), stem dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), stem length (SL), and seed vigor index (SVI) under T15W15”
Claim · model-written summary
For ZY15 under T25W0, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming shortened average germination time (96% after 5 days germinated) relative to the control (88% after 5 days).
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“For ZY15 seeds under T25W0, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming reduced the average germination time (96% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (88% after 5 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
For ZY15 under T15W15, SA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming shortened average germination time (92% after 5 days germinated) relative to the control and water-treated groups (80% after 5 days).
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“For ZY15 seeds under T15W15, SA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming, with respect to the control and water-treated groups, shortened the average germination time (92% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (80% after 5 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
For HY49 under T25W0, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming shortened average germination time (92% after 5 days germinated) relative to the control (85% after 5 days).
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“For HY49 seeds under T25W0, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA priming reduced the average germination time (92% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (85% after 5 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
For HY49 under T15W15, GA priming shortened average germination time (89% after 5 days germinated) relative to the control (83% after 5 days).
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“For HY49 seeds under T15W15, GA priming shortened the average germination time (89% after 5 days) compared to that of the control (83% after 5 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming agents increased net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate of rape seedlings under low temperature and drought stress.
- Taxon
- rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- priming agentse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- low temperature and drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“These priming agents increased the net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration rate of rape seedlings under conditions of low temperature and drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming agents decreased intercellular CO2 concentrations in rape seedlings under low temperature and drought stress.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- priming agentse0
- Outcome
- intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- low temperature and drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“These priming agents increased the net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration rate of rape seedlings under conditions of low temperature and drought stress, while also decreasing intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2 and ABA increased SOD concentrations and APX activities of rape seedlings under stress.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABAe0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase concentrations (SOD) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA increased superoxide dismutase concentrations (SOD) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activities of rape seedlings under stress conditions, while decreasing catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in ZY15 seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The same agents decreased CAT and POD activities in ZY15 seedlings under stress.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse0
- Material
- ZY15e0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABAe0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“SA, GA, SNP, CaCl2, and ABA increased superoxide dismutase concentrations (SOD) and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) activities of rape seedlings under stress conditions, while decreasing catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in ZY15 seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
In HY49, all priming solutions except SNP increased SOD activity levels.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Material
- HY49e0
- Treatment
- all priming solutions, except for SNPe0
- Outcome
- SOD activity levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“In HY49, which is sensitive to low temperature and drought, all priming solutions, except for SNP, led to an increase in SOD activity levels and a decrease in CAT activity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
In HY49, all priming solutions except SNP decreased CAT activity levels.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Material
- HY49e0
- Treatment
- all priming solutions, except for SNPe0
- Outcome
- CAT activity levelse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“In HY49, which is sensitive to low temperature and drought, all priming solutions, except for SNP, led to an increase in SOD activity levels and a decrease in CAT activity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
SA, GA, SNP and CaCl2 increased the concentrations of IAA and GA in seedlings under stress.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- SA, GA, SNP, and CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- indoleacetic acid (IAA), GAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“SA, GA, SNP, and CaCl2 increased the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA), GA, ABA, and cytokinin (CTK) in seedlings under stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
SA, GA, SNP and CaCl2 increased the concentrations of ABA and cytokinin in seedlings under stress.
- Taxon
- rapeseedt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- SA, GA, SNP, and CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- ABA, and cytokinin (CTK)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“SA, GA, SNP, and CaCl2 increased the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA), GA, ABA, and cytokinin (CTK) in seedlings under stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with SA, CaCl2 and ABA, GA (300 mg/L) and SNP showed improved priming effects for ZY15 and HY49 under stress.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of seed priming treatments on the germination and development of two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties under the co-influence of low temperature and drought”
e0“compared to SA, CaCl2, and ABA, GA (300 mg/L) and SNP (300 mol/L) showed improved priming effects for ZY15 and HY49 under stress conditions”
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8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.