Abstract
This research was designed to analyze the interactive effects of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid on the growth of canola in stress and non-stress conditions. Salicylic acid is a phenolic derivative, that has a direct involvement in various plant stages like growth, and inflorescence. While Pseudomonas putida is a drought-tolerant strain having plant growth-promoting characteristics like phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, and catalase production. Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid has the ability to develop stress tolerance in plants and also improve growth of plants. They have significant (p < 0.05) effects on germination and morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. The plants that received the co-application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid gave more significant results than their alone application. They showed enhanced germination percentage, germination index, promptness index and, seedling vigor index by 19%, 18%, 34% and, 27%, respectively. There was a substantial increase of 25%, 27%, and 39% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively. The synergistic effect of both treatments has caused a 14% and 12% increase in the Canola plants' relative water content and membrane stability index respectively. A substantial increase of 18% in proline content was observed by the inoculation of Pseudomonas putida, whereas proline content was increased by 28% by the exogenous application of salicylic acid. The content of flavonoids (39%) and phenol (40%) was significantly increased by the co-application. The increase in superoxide dismutase (46%), ascorbate peroxidase (43%), and glutathione (19%) were also significant. The present research demonstrated that the combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid induces drought tolerance in canola and significantly improves its growth.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid application outperformed either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- co-application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putidae0symbiont - Outcome
- more significant resultse0
- Direction
- more significante0
- Comparator
- their alone applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The plants that received the co-application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid gave more significant results than their alone application”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola germination percentage by 19%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They showed enhanced germination percentage, germination index, promptness index and, seedling vigor index by 19%, 18%, 34% and, 27%, respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola germination index by 18%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They showed enhanced germination percentage, germination index, promptness index and, seedling vigor index by 19%, 18%, 34% and, 27%, respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola promptness index by 34%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- promptness indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They showed enhanced germination percentage, germination index, promptness index and, seedling vigor index by 19%, 18%, 34% and, 27%, respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola seedling vigor index by 27%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They showed enhanced germination percentage, germination index, promptness index and, seedling vigor index by 19%, 18%, 34% and, 27%, respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola shoot length by 25%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a substantial increase of 25%, 27%, and 39% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola root length by 27%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a substantial increase of 25%, 27%, and 39% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola leaf area by 39%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a substantial increase of 25%, 27%, and 39% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola relative water content by 14%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of both treatments has caused a 14% and 12% increase in the Canola plants' relative water content and membrane stability index respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola membrane stability index by 12%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The synergistic effect of both treatments has caused a 14% and 12% increase in the Canola plants' relative water content and membrane stability index respectively”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola flavonoids by 39%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of flavonoids (39%) and phenol (40%) was significantly increased by the co-application”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola phenol by 40%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- phenole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of flavonoids (39%) and phenol (40%) was significantly increased by the co-application”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola superoxide dismutase by 46%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in superoxide dismutase (46%), ascorbate peroxidase (43%), and glutathione (19%) were also significant”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola ascorbate peroxidase by 43%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in superoxide dismutase (46%), ascorbate peroxidase (43%), and glutathione (19%) were also significant”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased canola glutathione by 19%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acide1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- glutathionee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in superoxide dismutase (46%), ascorbate peroxidase (43%), and glutathione (19%) were also significant”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas putida and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas putida inoculation increased canola proline content by 18%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- inoculation of Pseudomonas putidae0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas putidaPseudomonas putidae0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A substantial increase of 18% in proline content was observed by the inoculation of Pseudomonas putida”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid application increased canola proline content by 28%.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline content was increased by 28% by the exogenous application of salicylic acid”
t0“canola (Brassica napus L.)”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →salicylic acid · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →salicylic acid · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Pseudomonas putida · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas putida · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: water · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.