Abstract
An efficient and eco-friendly bioefficacy of potent Tricho-fusant (Fu21) and its green nanosilver formulation against stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) in groundnut was established. Fu21 demonstrated higher in-vitro growth inhibition of pathogen with better fungicide tolerance than the parental strains. The green nanosilver particles were synthesized from the extracellular metabolites of Fu21 and characterized for shape (spherical, 59.34 nm in scanning electron microscope), purity (3.00 KeV, energy dispersive X-ray analysis), size (54.3 nm in particle size analyzer), and stability (53.7 mv, zeta). The field efficacy study exhibited that the seedling emergence was high in seeds treated with green nanosilver (minimum inhibitory concentration-[MIC] 20 µg Ag/ml), and a low disease severity index of stem rot during the crop growth was followed by the live antagonist (Fu21) in addition to seed treatment with a fungicide mix under pathogen infestation. The seed quality analysis of harvested pods revealed a high oil content with balanced fatty acid composition (3.10 oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in green nanosilver treatment under pathogen infestation. The residual analysis suggested that green nanosilver applied at the MIC level as seed treatment yielded similar effects as the control for silver residue in the harvested groundnut seeds. The green nanosilver at MIC has a high pod-yield under S. rolfsii infestation, demonstrating green chemistry and sustainability of the nanoproduct.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fu21 inhibited pathogen growth in vitro more than parental strains and had better fungicide tolerance.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Material
- Fu21e0
- Outcome
- in-vitro growth inhibition of pathogene0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- parental strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fu21 demonstrated higher in-vitro growth inhibition of pathogen with better fungicide tolerance than the parental strains”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fu21-derived nanosilver particles were spherical and measured 59.34 nm by electron microscopy.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- shapee0
- Value
- 59.34 nme0
- Qualifier
- sphericale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green nanosilver particles were synthesized from the extracellular metabolites of Fu21 and characterized for shape (spherical, 59.34 nm in scanning electron microscope)”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fu21-derived nanosilver particles measured 54.3 nm by particle size analysis.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Value
- 54.3 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“size (54.3 nm in particle size analyzer)”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fu21-derived nanosilver particles showed 3.00 KeV purity signal and 53.7 mv zeta stability.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- puritye0
- Value
- 3.00 KeVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purity (3.00 KeV, energy dispersive X-ray analysis), size (54.3 nm in particle size analyzer), and stability (53.7 mv, zeta)”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosilver seed treatment at MIC 20 µg Ag/ml gave high groundnut seedling emergence.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- green nanosilver (minimum inhibitory concentration-[MIC] 20 µg Ag/ml)e0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seedling emergence was high in seeds treated with green nanosilver (minimum inhibitory concentration-[MIC] 20 µg Ag/ml)”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Live Fu21 plus fungicide seed treatment gave low stem rot severity under pathogen infestation.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- live antagonist (Fu21) in addition to seed treatment with a fungicide mixe0
- Interactor
- Fu21e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severity index of stem rote0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a low disease severity index of stem rot during the crop growth was followed by the live antagonist (Fu21) in addition to seed treatment with a fungicide mix under pathogen infestation”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosilver treatment under pathogen infestation produced high oil content in harvested groundnut pods.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- green nanosilver treatmente0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high oil content with balanced fatty acid composition (3.10 oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in green nanosilver treatment under pathogen infestation”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosilver-treated harvested pods had a balanced fatty acid composition with a 3.10 oleic/linoleic acid ratio.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- green nanosilver treatmente0
- Outcome
- fatty acid compositione0
- Value
- 3.10 oleic/linoleic acid ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“balanced fatty acid composition (3.10 oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in green nanosilver treatment”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosilver seed treatment at MIC gave silver residue in harvested seeds similar to control.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- green nanosilver applied at the MIC level as seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- silver residue in the harvested groundnut seedse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green nanosilver applied at the MIC level as seed treatment yielded similar effects as the control for silver residue in the harvested groundnut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanosilver at MIC produced high groundnut pod yield under S. rolfsii infestation.
- Taxon
- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)Arachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- green nanosilver at MICe0
- Interactor
- S. rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie0pathogen - Outcome
- pod-yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green nanosilver at MIC has a high pod-yield under S. rolfsii infestation”
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
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