Abstract
Abstract Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the hermetic effects of Althaea officinalis L. (khatami) on vegetable crop Radish (Raphanus sativus) The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extracts of A. officinalis L. were used on radish different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of radish were recorded using standard procedures. Results Reveals that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result in Maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days) and mean germination time (9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60), germination percentage (85.00%), shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh weight (13.30 g). While at lower concentration (10%) it shows hermetic effect and produce maximum germination percentage (100.00%), shoot length (58.2 cm), root length (52.0 cm), shoot fresh weight (90.00g), root fresh weight (26.30 g) minimum time to complete 50% germination (3.36 days), germination index (6.00%) and mean germination time (5.73 days) growth. In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound minimum Syringic acid (0.60%) and maximum Quercetion (12.3%) compound was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of officinalis can be used as growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weeds.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% concentration, khatami extract maximized time to 50% germination at 4.68 days.
- Taxon
- R. sativus
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%)e0
- Interactor
- A. officinalis
Althaea officinalise0other - Outcome
- time to 50% germinatione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 4.68 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result in Maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80%, mean germination time reached 9.05 days.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- higher concentration (80%)t1
- Interactor
- KHATAMIt0other
- Outcome
- mean germination timee0
- Value
- 9.05 dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean germination time (9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
t1“higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80%, germination index reached a minimum of 3.60.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- higher concentration (80%)t1
- Interactor
- KHATAMIt0other
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 3.60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum germination index (3.60)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
t1“higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80%, germination percentage reached a minimum of 85.00%.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Value
- 85.00%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination percentage (85.00%), shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh weight (13.30 g)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80%, shoot length was 42.4 cm.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Value
- 42.4 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot length (42.4 cm)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80%, root length was 25.90 cm.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- 25.90 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length (25.90 cm)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80%, shoot fresh weight was 53.30 g.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Value
- 53.30 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot fresh weight (53.30 g)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80%, root fresh weight was 13.30 g.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Value
- 13.30 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root fresh weight (13.30 g)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, germination percentage reached 100.00%.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 100.00%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination percentage (100.00%)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, shoot length reached 58.2 cm.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Value
- 58.2 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot length (58.2 cm)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, root length reached 52.0 cm.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Value
- 52.0 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root length (52.0 cm)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, shoot fresh weight reached 90.00g.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Value
- 90.00ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot fresh weight (90.00g)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, root fresh weight reached 26.30 g.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Value
- 26.30 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root fresh weight (26.30 g)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, time to 50% germination reached a minimum of 3.36 days.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- time to complete 50% germinatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 3.36 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum time to complete 50% germination (3.36 days)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, germination index was reported as 6.00%.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Value
- 6.00%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination index (6.00%)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10%, mean germination time was 5.73 days.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- mean germination timee0
- Value
- 5.73 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean germination time (5.73 days)”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
Claim · model-written summary
Syringic acid had the minimum reported phenolic abundance in khatami, 0.60%.
- Taxon
- A. officinalisAlthaea officinalist0
- Outcome
- Syringic acide0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 0.60%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum Syringic acid (0.60%)”
t0“In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetion had the maximum reported phenolic abundance in khatami, 12.3%.
- Taxon
- A. officinalisAlthaea officinalist0
- Outcome
- Quercetione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 12.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum Quercetion (12.3%)”
t0“In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose lower extract concentrations as growth promoters and higher concentrations for weed control.
- Taxon
- RADISHRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extract of officinalis can be used as growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weeds”
t0“KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
98 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 152 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.