Abstract
A field study was conducted on a sandy loam soil that is suffering fromsalinity stress and Zn-deficient at a newly reclaimed area of Galbana VillageNo. 7, Sahl El-Tina, North Sinai, Egypt during a growing summer season of2009 to identify some scientific approaches for alleviating the negative effect ofsoil salinity stress on the future projects in agricultural utilization. The appliedtreatments were two solid N-mineral forms (i.e., urea of 46 N% and ammoniumsulfate of 20.6 N%) were added at the recommended dose of 120 kg N/fed assoil application as well as three liquid mixtures of (1.0 g K-humate of 85 % +0.5 g Zn SO4, which dissolved in 1 L water), (0.5 g Zn SO4 dissolved in 1 L ofsoaking water extract of compost tea) and (0.75 g ZnSO4 dissolved in 1 Lwater) were added at two equal doses of 300 L/fed for each one either as foliarspray on plants or as soil application on the soil rows of growing plants. Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator to identifyits possible response to grow under soil salinity stress of Sahl El-Tina area aswell as the relationship between either maize yield or grain quality and theexpected amelioration process in the experimental soil properties as a result ofthe applied treatments.The obtained results indicated that the experimental soil could beclassified as "Typic Torriorthents, loamy skeletal, mixed, thermic". Also,wetness, soil texture, CaCO3, gypsum and salinity/alkalinity represent the mainlimitations for soil productivity, with an intensity degree of moderate (65-75%),for wetness, soil texture and salinity/alkalinity as well as slight (90-85 %) forthe other ones. The suitability classes for irrigated agriculture land in bothcurrent and potential conditions could be belong the marginally (S3ws1n) andmoderately (S2s1) suitable classes, respectively. Moreover, the resultantadaptations of soil suitability class for cultivating maize plants could beconsidered as marginally suitable (S3s1n), and limiting factors of soil textureand salinity/alkalinity in the current condition. Soil suitability becomes amoderately suitable (S2s1) in the potential condition, and soil texture stillbecomes a limiting factor.The obtained results showed also that the studied maize plant parameterssuch as growth characters (i.e., nutrient contents uptake by leaf tissues), earcharacters (i.e., length and diameter), biological yield (i.e., grain and stalkyields fed-1), grain quality (i.e., weight of 100 kernels and crude protein %) andgrain nutritional status (i.e., N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn contents) were recorded thebest values at the applied rates of ammonium sulfate as a main source of Nmineral as compared to the same applied rats of urea. In addition, the liquidfertilizer mixture of (0.5 g Zn SO4 dissolved in 1 L of soaking water extract ofcompost tea) surpassed the other applied two mixtures for the previous plantparameters. Moreover, the applied liquid fertilizer mixtures, in general, weremore effective on plant parameters when added as soil application on soil rowsof grown plants as compared with directly foliar spray on plants. Thus, fertilizing maize plants with ammonium sulfate should beenhanced soil availability of plant nutrient, due to the effective role of bothaccompanied cationic (NH4+) and anionic (SO42-) forms. However, the appliedN- NH4+ causes a N-soil potentially safe over a wide range due to lower risks ofvolatilization, leaching and de-nitrification losses as well as lowering soil pHdue to for the SO42- ions. Also, it was found that both soaking water extract ofcompost tea and K-humate as a soil liquid fertilizer are not only considered as astrategic storehouse for essential plant nutrients but also enhancing nutrientsuptake, reducing the uptake of some toxic elements and supporting Zn-deficientas well as improving the nutrients balance in the soil solution and many ofthe physiological processes in plants under soil salinity stress. Suchfavourable conditions were positively reflected on ameliorating maize growthparameters and grain yield with high quality of nutritional status.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
The experimental soil was classified as Typic Torriorthents, loamy skeletal, mixed, thermic.
- Outcome
- the experimental soil could be classifiede1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“the experimental soil could be classified as "Typic Torriorthents, loamy skeletal, mixed, thermic"”
Claim · model-written summary
Wetness, soil texture and salinity/alkalinity were moderate limitations for soil productivity (65-75%).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e2“represent the mainlimitations for soil productivity, with an intensity degree of moderate (65-75%),for wetness, soil texture and salinity/alkalinity”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCO3 and gypsum were slight limitations for soil productivity (90-85%).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e2“represent the mainlimitations for soil productivity, with an intensity degree of moderate (65-75%),for wetness, soil texture and salinity/alkalinity”
e3“as well as slight (90-85 %) forthe other ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated agricultural land under current conditions is marginally suitable (S3ws1n).
- Outcome
- The suitability classes for irrigated agriculture lande4
- Value
- marginally (S3ws1n)e4
- Setting
- currente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e4“The suitability classes for irrigated agriculture land in bothcurrent and potential conditions could be belong the marginally (S3ws1n) and moderately (S2s1) suitable classes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated agricultural land under potential conditions is moderately suitable (S2s1).
- Outcome
- The suitability classes for irrigated agriculture lande4
- Value
- moderately (S2s1)e4
- Setting
- potentiale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e4“The suitability classes for irrigated agriculture land in bothcurrent and potential conditions could be belong the marginally (S3ws1n) and moderately (S2s1) suitable classes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil suitability for cultivating maize is marginal (S3s1n) under current conditions, limited by soil texture and salinity/alkalinity.
- Outcome
- suitability class for cultivating maize plantse5
- Value
- marginally suitable (S3s1n)e5
- Qualifier
- limiting factors of soil texture and salinity/alkalinitye5
- Setting
- current conditione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e5“the resultantadaptations of soil suitability class for cultivating maize plants could beconsidered as marginally suitable (S3s1n), and limiting factors of soil textureand salinity/alkalinity in the current condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil suitability for cultivating maize is moderately suitable (S2s1) under potential conditions, with soil texture still limiting.
- Outcome
- Soil suitabilitye6
- Value
- moderately suitable (S2s1)e6
- Qualifier
- soil texture stillbecomes a limiting factore6
- Setting
- potential conditione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e6“Soil suitability becomes amoderately suitable (S2s1) in the potential condition, and soil texture stillbecomes a limiting factor”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate gave higher growth characters in maize than urea at the applied rates.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“growth characters (i.e., nutrient contents uptake by leaf tissues)”
e2“were recorded thebest values at the applied rates of ammonium sulfate as a main source of Nmineral as compared to the same applied rats of urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate gave higher ear characters in maize than urea at the applied rates.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“earcharacters (i.e., length and diameter)”
e2“were recorded thebest values at the applied rates of ammonium sulfate as a main source of Nmineral as compared to the same applied rats of urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate gave higher biological yield in maize than urea at the applied rates.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“biological yield (i.e., grain and stalkyields fed-1)”
e2“were recorded thebest values at the applied rates of ammonium sulfate as a main source of Nmineral as compared to the same applied rats of urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate gave higher grain quality in maize than urea at the applied rates.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“grain quality (i.e., weight of 100 kernels and crude protein %)”
e2“were recorded thebest values at the applied rates of ammonium sulfate as a main source of Nmineral as compared to the same applied rats of urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate gave higher grain nutritional status in maize than urea at the applied rates.
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfatee2
- Outcome
- grain nutritional statuse1
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Comparator
- ureae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“grain nutritional status (i.e., N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn contents)”
e2“were recorded thebest values at the applied rates of ammonium sulfate as a main source of Nmineral as compared to the same applied rats of urea”
Claim · model-written summary
The liquid mixture of 0.5 g ZnSO4 in compost tea surpassed the other two applied mixtures for maize plant parameters.
- Treatment
- 0.5 g Zn SO4 dissolved in 1 L of soaking water extract of compost teae1
- Outcome
- plant parameterse1
- Direction
- surpassede1
- Comparator
- the other applied two mixturese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“the liquidfertilizer mixture of (0.5 g Zn SO4 dissolved in 1 L of soaking water extract ofcompost tea) surpassed the other applied two mixtures for the previous plantparameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid fertilizer mixtures were more effective on maize plant parameters when applied to soil than as foliar spray.
- Treatment
- soil applicatione1
- Outcome
- plant parameterse1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- foliar spraye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“the applied liquid fertilizer mixtures, in general, weremore effective on plant parameters when added as soil application on soil rowsof grown plants as compared with directly foliar spray on plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate is expected to enhance soil availability of plant nutrients through its cationic and anionic forms.
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfatee1
- Outcome
- soil availability of plant nutriente1
- Qualifier
- cationic (NH4+) and anionic (SO42-) formse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fertilizing maize plants with ammonium sulfate should beenhanced soil availability of plant nutrient, due to the effective role of both accompanied cationic (NH4+) and anionic (SO42-) forms”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking water extract of compost tea and K-humate reduced the uptake of some toxic elements in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“both soaking water extract ofcompost tea and K-humate as a soil liquid fertilizer are not only considered as astrategic storehouse for essential plant nutrients but also enhancing nutrientsuptake, reducing the uptake of some toxic elements”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking water extract of compost tea and K-humate enhanced nutrient uptake in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize(Zea mais L., Three cross 321 cv.) was undertaken as plant indicator”
e1“both soaking water extract ofcompost tea and K-humate as a soil liquid fertilizer are not only considered as astrategic storehouse for essential plant nutrients but also enhancing nutrientsuptake, reducing the uptake of some toxic elements”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium sulfate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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- no effect
- negative
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11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.