Abstract
Flavonoids in grapes contribute the quality of the berry, but the flavonoid diversity and the regulatory networks underlying the variation require a further investigation. In this study, we integrated multi-omics data to systematically explore the global metabolic and transcriptional profiles in the skins and pulps of three grape cultivars. The results revealed large-scale differences involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway. A total of 133 flavonoids, including flavone and flavone C-glycosides, were identified. Beyond the visible differences of anthocyanins, there was large variation in other sub-branched flavonoids, most of which were positively correlated with anthocyanins in grapes. The expressions of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes and the major regulators MYBA1 were strongly consistent with the changes in flavonoids. Integrative analysis identified two novel transcription factors (MYB24 and MADS5) and two ubiquitin proteins (RHA2) as promising regulatory candidates for flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes. Further verification in various grape accessions indicated that five major genes including flavonol 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glycosyl-transferase, anthocyanin O-methyltransferase, acyltransferase (3AT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST4) controlled flavonoid variation in grape berries. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries and the further development of grape health products.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 133 flavonoids were identified in grape berries.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e2“A total of 133 flavonoids, including flavone and flavone C-glycosides, were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape berries showed large-scale differences in the flavonoid metabolic pathway among cultivars.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e1“The results revealed large-scale differences involved in the flavonoid metabolic pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Other sub-branched flavonoids varied widely in grapes beyond the visible anthocyanin differences.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e3“Beyond the visible differences of anthocyanins, there was large variation in other sub-branched flavonoids, most of which were positively correlated with anthocyanins in grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Most sub-branched flavonoids were positively correlated with anthocyanins in grapes.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e3“Beyond the visible differences of anthocyanins, there was large variation in other sub-branched flavonoids, most of which were positively correlated with anthocyanins in grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes and MYBA1 was strongly consistent with changes in flavonoids.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e5“The expressions of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes and the major regulators MYBA1 were strongly consistent with the changes in flavonoids”
Claim · model-written summary
MYB24 and MADS5 are promising regulatory candidates for flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e6“Integrative analysis identified two novel transcription factors (MYB24 and MADS5) and two ubiquitin proteins (RHA2) as promising regulatory candidates for flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
RHA2 is a promising regulatory candidate for flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e6“Integrative analysis identified two novel transcription factors (MYB24 and MADS5) and two ubiquitin proteins (RHA2) as promising regulatory candidates for flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Five major genes controlled flavonoid variation in grape berries.
Verbatim
t0“Flavonoid Variation in Grape Berries”
e7“five major genes including flavonol 3′5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H), UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glycosyl-transferase, anthocyanin O-methyltransferase, acyltransferase (3AT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST4) controlled flavonoid variation in grape berries”