Abstract
Tomato wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is one of the most destructive diseases, and causes significant yield losses in Egypt. In the present study, the antifungal activities of some essential oils (clove, garlic and thyme) at various concentrations (10, 15 and 20 %) in addition to different Trichoderma isolates(Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma viride) and three different concentrations of urea (0.5 , 1 and 1.5%) was investigated against the pathogen (FOL).. The results revealed that the all tested essential oils reduced the growth and spore population of FOL significantly. The highest pathogen reduction was recorded with clove oil followed by garlic oil either under laboratory or green-house conditions. Contrary, application of urea fertilization at concentrations of 1% and 1.5% increased significantly both growth mass and sporulation capability of FOL comparing to the control. The highest percentage (94.2%) of FOL growth inhibition under in vitro condition was recorded with Trichoderma harzianum, followed by Trichoderma viride (90.8%). Similar results were recorded under greenhouse conditions. Furthermore, the results showed that the all tested oils, Trichoderma isolates and urea fertilization improved the growth criteria of tomato plants comparing to the control plants. On the other hand, the histological investigation proved that Trichoderma harzianum and clove oil were the best treatments where there weren’t histological changes in the external cortex, epidermal cells, endodermis and vascular vessel.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oils significantly reduced growth and spore population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- essential oilse1
- Interactor
- FOLe1pathogen
- Outcome
- growth and spore population of FOLe1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e1“the all tested essential oils reduced the growth and spore population of FOL significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove oil gave the highest reduction of the pathogen, followed by garlic oil, under laboratory or greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- clove oile2
- Interactor
- FOLe1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen reductione2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- garlic oile2
- Setting
- laboratory or green-house conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e2“The highest pathogen reduction was recorded with clove oil followed by garlic oil either under laboratory or green-house conditions”
e1“the all tested essential oils reduced the growth and spore population of FOL significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest in vitro growth inhibition of FOL (94.2%), above Trichoderma viride.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume4
- Interactor
- FOLe4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- FOL growth inhibitione4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 94.2%e4
- Comparator
- Trichoderma viridee4
- Setting
- under in vitro conditione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e4“The highest percentage (94.2%) of FOL growth inhibition under in vitro condition was recorded with Trichoderma harzianum, followed by Trichoderma viride (90.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride reduced in vitro FOL growth inhibition to 90.8%, following Trichoderma harzianum.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma viridee4
- Interactor
- FOLe4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viridee4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- FOL growth inhibitione4
- Direction
- followed bye4
- Value
- 90.8%e4
- Comparator
- Trichoderma harzianume4
- Setting
- under in vitro conditione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e4“The highest percentage (94.2%) of FOL growth inhibition under in vitro condition was recorded with Trichoderma harzianum, followed by Trichoderma viride (90.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea fertilization at 1% and 1.5% significantly increased growth mass and sporulation of FOL compared with the control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- urea fertilization at concentrations of 1% and 1.5%e3
- Interactor
- FOLe3pathogen
- Outcome
- growth mass and sporulation capability of FOLe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- the controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e3“application of urea fertilization at concentrations of 1% and 1.5% increased significantly both growth mass and sporulation capability of FOL comparing to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested essential oils improved growth of tomato plants compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- the all tested oilse5
- Outcome
- growth criteriae5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Comparator
- the control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e5“the all tested oils, Trichoderma isolates and urea fertilization improved the growth criteria of tomato plants comparing to the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma isolates improved growth criteria of tomato plants compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- Trichoderma isolatese5
- Outcome
- growth criteriae5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Comparator
- the control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e5“the all tested oils, Trichoderma isolates and urea fertilization improved the growth criteria of tomato plants comparing to the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea fertilization improved growth criteria of tomato plants compared with the control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- urea fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- growth criteriae5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Comparator
- the control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e5“the all tested oils, Trichoderma isolates and urea fertilization improved the growth criteria of tomato plants comparing to the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum treated tomato stems and roots showed no histological changes in cortex, epidermis, endodermis and vascular vessels.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume6
- Outcome
- histological changes in the external cortex, epidermal cells, endodermis and vascular vessele6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e6“the histological investigation proved that Trichoderma harzianum and clove oil were the best treatments where there weren’t histological changes in the external cortex, epidermal cells, endodermis and vascular vessel”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove oil treated tomato plants showed no histological changes in cortex, epidermis, endodermis and vascular vessels.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- clove oile6
- Outcome
- histological changes in the external cortex, epidermal cells, endodermis and vascular vessele6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici”
e6“the histological investigation proved that Trichoderma harzianum and clove oil were the best treatments where there weren’t histological changes in the external cortex, epidermal cells, endodermis and vascular vessel”
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