Abstract
This study elaborates inter-kingdom signaling mechanisms, presenting a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to combat biotic as well as abiotic stress in wheat. Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen causing head and seedling blight in wheat, leading to huge yield and economic losses. Psychrophilic Bacillus atrophaeus strain TS1 was found as a potential biocontrol agent for suppression of F. graminearum under low temperature by carrying out extensive biochemical and molecular studies in comparison with a temperate biocontrol model strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 at 15 and 25 °C. TS1 was able to produce hydrolytic extracellular enzymes as well as antimicrobial lipopeptides, i.e., surfactin, bacillomycin, and fengycin, efficiently at low temperatures. The Bacillus strain-induced oxidative cellular damage, ultrastructural deformities, and novel genetic dysregulations in the fungal pathogen as the bacterial treatment at low temperature were able to downregulate the expression of newly predicted novel fungal genes potentially belonging to necrosis inducing protein families (fgHCE and fgNPP1). The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1 to elicit sudden induction of plant defense, namely, H2O2 and callose enhanced activity of plant defense-related enzymes and induced over-expression of defense-related genes which accumulatively lead to the suppression of F. graminearum and decreased diseased leaf area.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus atrophaeus TS1 produced hydrolytic extracellular enzymes and antimicrobial lipopeptides (surfactin, bacillomycin, fengycin) efficiently at low temperatures.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- low temperaturese1
- Compound
- surfactin, bacillomycin, and fengycine1
- Outcome
- produce hydrolytic extracellular enzymese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combat biotic as well as abiotic stress in wheat”
e1“TS1 was able to produce hydrolytic extracellular enzymes as well as antimicrobial lipopeptides, i.e., surfactin, bacillomycin, and fengycin, efficiently at low temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial treatment at low temperature downregulated the expression of newly predicted novel fungal genes fgHCE and fgNPP1 in F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- bacterial treatment at low temperaturee2
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus atrophaeus strain TS1Bacillus atrophaeuse3biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- fgHCE and fgNPP1e2
- Outcome
- expression of newly predicted novel fungal genese2
- Direction
- downregulatee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen causing head and seedling blight in wheat”
e2“as the bacterial treatment at low temperature were able to downregulate the expression of newly predicted novel fungal genes potentially belonging to necrosis inducing protein families (fgHCE and fgNPP1)”
e3“Psychrophilic Bacillus atrophaeus strain TS1 was found as a potential biocontrol agent for suppression of F. graminearum under low temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
TS1 treatment at 15 and 25 °C led to suppression of F. graminearum on wheat in pot experiments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TS1e5
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus atrophaeus strain TS1Bacillus atrophaeuse3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- suppression of F. graminearume4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Setting
- pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen causing head and seedling blight in wheat”
e3“Psychrophilic Bacillus atrophaeus strain TS1 was found as a potential biocontrol agent for suppression of F. graminearum under low temperature”
e4“which accumulatively lead to the suppression of F. graminearum and decreased diseased leaf area”
e5“The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1”
Claim · model-written summary
TS1 treatment decreased the diseased leaf area of wheat infected with F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- TS1e5
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume4pathogen
- Outcome
- diseased leaf areae4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Setting
- pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen causing head and seedling blight in wheat”
e4“which accumulatively lead to the suppression of F. graminearum and decreased diseased leaf area”
e5“The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1”
Claim · model-written summary
TS1 treatment induced a sudden induction of H2O2 and callose in wheat as plant defence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- TS1e5
- Outcome
- H2O2 and callosee6
- Direction
- sudden inductione6
- Setting
- pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1”
e6“elicit sudden induction of plant defense, namely, H2O2 and callose”
Claim · model-written summary
TS1 treatment enhanced the activity of plant defense-related enzymes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- TS1e5
- Outcome
- activity of plant defense-related enzymese7
- Direction
- enhancede7
- Setting
- pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1”
e7“enhanced activity of plant defense-related enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
TS1 treatment induced over-expression of defense-related genes in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- TS1e5
- Outcome
- defense-related genese6
- Direction
- over-expressione6
- Setting
- pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1”
e6“induced over-expression of defense-related genes”
The same questions in other papers
cold · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.