Abstract
Choline chloride (CC) application enhanced the tolerance of cluster bean ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) against salinity stress. The aim of the study was to determine the protective role of CC on plant growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical indicators of oxidative stress. The seeds of BR-99 (tolerant) and BR-2017 (sensitive) were surface sterilized and sown in plastic pots containing river sandy soil. The design of the experiments was completely randomized with 4 replicates per treatment. Three weeks after germination, salinity (150 mM) was imposed. Then plants were sprayed with different concentrations of CC (3, 5, and 10 mM), while normal plants were sprayed with distilled water. Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators. However, the application of CC (particularly 5 mM) improved growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and activities of antioxidant compounds by reducing the levels of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde in salt-stressed plants in both cluster bean varieties. BR-99 variety showed more tolerance to salinity stress than that of BR-2017 in the form of greater oxidative defense and osmotic adjustment and clear from greater plant dry masses. Thus, our results showed that the application of CC (5 mM) is an efficient strategy for field use in the areas, where salt stress soils limit agriculture production.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased growth attributes.
- Taxon
- Cluster Bean
Cyamopsis tetragonolobat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased relative water contents.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- relative water contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased photosynthetic attributes.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic attributese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased total soluble proteins, total free amino acids.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteins, total free amino acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased proline, and glycine betaine.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- proline, and glycine betainee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased oxidative stress indicators.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress indicatorse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity decreased growth attributes, relative water contents, photosynthetic attributes, total soluble proteins, total free amino acids, phenolic, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, proline, and glycine betaine and increased the levels of oxidative stress indicators”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
CC improved salt-stressed cluster bean growth attributes.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- CC (particularly 5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CC (particularly 5 mM) improved growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and activities of antioxidant compounds by reducing the levels of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde in salt-stressed plants in both cluster bean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
CC improved salt-stressed cluster bean photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- CC (particularly 5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CC (particularly 5 mM) improved growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and activities of antioxidant compounds by reducing the levels of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde in salt-stressed plants in both cluster bean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
CC improved salt-stressed cluster bean activities of antioxidant compounds.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- CC (particularly 5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant compoundse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CC (particularly 5 mM) improved growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and activities of antioxidant compounds by reducing the levels of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde in salt-stressed plants in both cluster bean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
CC improved salt-stressed cluster bean H 2 O 2.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- CC (particularly 5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CC (particularly 5 mM) improved growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and activities of antioxidant compounds by reducing the levels of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde in salt-stressed plants in both cluster bean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
CC improved salt-stressed cluster bean malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- CC (particularly 5 mM)e0
- Outcome
- malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- salt-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CC (particularly 5 mM) improved growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, and activities of antioxidant compounds by reducing the levels of H 2 O 2 , malondialdehyde in salt-stressed plants in both cluster bean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-99 exceeded BR-2017 in oxidative defense under salinity.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Material
- BR-99e0
- Outcome
- oxidative defensee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- BR-2017e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR-99 variety showed more tolerance to salinity stress than that of BR-2017 in the form of greater oxidative defense and osmotic adjustment and clear from greater plant dry masses”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-99 exceeded BR-2017 in osmotic adjustment under salinity.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Material
- BR-99e0
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustmente0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- BR-2017e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR-99 variety showed more tolerance to salinity stress than that of BR-2017 in the form of greater oxidative defense and osmotic adjustment and clear from greater plant dry masses”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-99 exceeded BR-2017 in plant dry masses under salinity.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Material
- BR-99e0
- Outcome
- plant dry massese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- BR-2017e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR-99 variety showed more tolerance to salinity stress than that of BR-2017 in the form of greater oxidative defense and osmotic adjustment and clear from greater plant dry masses”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend CC at 5 mM for production in saline areas.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Outcome
- application of CC (5 mM) is an efficient strategy for field usee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of CC (5 mM) is an efficient strategy for field use in the areas, where salt stress soils limit agriculture production”
t0“Cluster Bean”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: oxidative · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
salinity · physiology: photosynthesis · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
salinity · growth · Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean)Results agree
15 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.