Abstract
Changes in stomatal conductance and density allow plants to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. In the present paper, the influence of atmospheric CO2 concentration and light intensity on stomata were investigated for two barley genotypes—Barke and Bojos, differing in their sensitivity to oxidative stress and phenolic acid profiles. A novel approach for stomatal density analysis was used—a pair of convolution neural networks were developed to automatically identify and count stomata on epidermal micrographs. Stomatal density in barley was influenced by genotype, as well as by light and CO2 conditions. Low CO2 conditions resulted in increased stomatal density, although differences between ambient and elevated CO2 were not significant. High light intensity increased stomatal density compared to low light intensity in both barley varieties and all CO2 treatments. Changes in stomatal conductance were also measured alongside the accumulation of pentoses, hexoses, disaccharides, and abscisic acid detected by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. High light increased the accumulation of all sugars and reduced abscisic acid levels. Abscisic acid was influenced by all factors—light, CO2, and genotype—in combination. Differences were discovered between the two barley varieties: oxidative stress sensitive Barke demonstrated higher stomatal density, but lower conductance and better water use efficiency (WUE) than oxidative stress resistant Bojos at saturating light intensity. Barke also showed greater variability between treatments in measurements of stomatal density, sugar accumulation, and abscisic levels, implying that it may be more responsive to environmental drivers influencing water relations in the plant.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal density varied with genotype, light and CO2.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- light and CO2 conditionse0
- Outcome
- Stomatal densitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal density in barley was influenced by genotype, as well as by light and CO2 conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low CO2 increased stomatal density.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Low CO2 conditionse0
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low CO2 conditions resulted in increased stomatal density”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Ambient and elevated CO2 did not differ significantly in stomatal density.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- not significante0
- Comparator
- ambiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences between ambient and elevated CO2 were not significant”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
High light increased stomatal density compared with low light in both varieties at all CO2 levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- High light intensitye0
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- low light intensitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High light intensity increased stomatal density compared to low light intensity in both barley varieties and all CO2 treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
High light increased accumulation of pentoses, hexoses and disaccharides.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- High lighte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of all sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High light increased the accumulation of all sugars and reduced abscisic acid levels.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
High light reduced abscisic acid levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- High lighte0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High light increased the accumulation of all sugars and reduced abscisic acid levels.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Light, CO2 and genotype jointly influenced abscisic acid.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- light, CO2, and genotypee0
- Outcome
- Abscisic acide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abscisic acid was influenced by all factors—light, CO2, and genotype—in combination.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Barke had higher stomatal density than Bojos at saturating light.
Verbatim
e0“Barke demonstrated higher stomatal density, but lower conductance and better water use efficiency (WUE) than oxidative stress resistant Bojos at saturating light intensity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barke had lower stomatal conductance than Bojos at saturating light.
Verbatim
e0“Barke demonstrated higher stomatal density, but lower conductance and better water use efficiency (WUE) than oxidative stress resistant Bojos at saturating light intensity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barke had better water use efficiency than Bojos at saturating light.
Verbatim
e0“Barke demonstrated higher stomatal density, but lower conductance and better water use efficiency (WUE) than oxidative stress resistant Bojos at saturating light intensity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barke varied more across treatments in stomatal density, sugar accumulation and abscisic acid.
Verbatim
e0“Barke also showed greater variability between treatments in measurements of stomatal density, sugar accumulation, and abscisic levels”
The same questions in other papers
light · physiology: gas exchange · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
co2 · physiology: gas exchange · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.