Abstract
Maturation and conversion of somatic embryos are two crucial steps that hamper the development of efficient somatic embryogenesis systems in olive. Herein, a simple and efficient protocol for the maturation and conversion of olive somatic embryos is reported. Globular somatic embryos derived from seeds of cv. Dahbia were cultured on either half-strength olive (OM) or olive cyclic embryogenesis (ECO) media, with and without plant growth regulators (PGRs). The embryos reached the cotyledonary stage in 9 weeks, but those cultured on ECO medium containing 0.1 mg·L-1 6-(dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), 0.1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 mg·L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) exhibited the largest sizes, with an average of 4.7 mm. Somatic embryo conversion into plantlets was evaluated using different culture media (half-strength OM or one-third strength Murashige and Skoog (MS)), light conditions (light or dark) and desiccation pretreatments. The highest rate of somatic embryo conversion (45%) was observed under a 16 h photoperiod on half strength OM medium containing 0.1 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.1 mg·L-1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The embryos that failed to germinate showed either necrosis, cotyledon greening with no further conversion, adventitious bud formation or secondary embryogenesis. The findings of this study will be beneficial for biotechnological applications in olive.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Olive somatic embryos reached the cotyledonary stage in 9 weeks.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeat0 - Outcome
- cotyledonary stagee0
- Value
- 9 weekse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The embryos reached the cotyledonary stage in 9 weeks”
t0“olive somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
ECO medium with 2iP, BA and IBA yielded the largest olive somatic embryos, averaging 4.7 mm.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- ECO medium containing 0.1 mg·L-1 6-(dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), 0.1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 mg·L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)e0
- Outcome
- sizese0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 4.7 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those cultured on ECO medium containing 0.1 mg·L-1 6-(dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), 0.1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.05 mg·L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) exhibited the largest sizes, with an average of 4.7 mm”
t0“olive somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16 h photoperiod on half-strength OM medium with GA3 and NAA gave the highest olive somatic embryo conversion rate, 45%.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- 16 h photoperiod on half strength OM medium containing 0.1 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.1 mg·L-1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)e0
- Outcome
- rate of somatic embryo conversione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest rate of somatic embryo conversion (45%) was observed under a 16 h photoperiod on half strength OM medium containing 0.1 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.1 mg·L-1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)”
t0“olive somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive embryos that failed to germinate showed necrosis, cotyledon greening without conversion, or adventitious bud formation.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- necrosis, cotyledon greening with no further conversion, adventitious bud formatione0
- Qualifier
- failed to germinatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The embryos that failed to germinate showed either necrosis, cotyledon greening with no further conversion, adventitious bud formation or secondary embryogenesis”
t0“olive somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Some olive embryos that failed to germinate underwent secondary embryogenesis.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- secondary embryogenesise0
- Qualifier
- failed to germinatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The embryos that failed to germinate showed either necrosis, cotyledon greening with no further conversion, adventitious bud formation or secondary embryogenesis”
t0“olive somatic embryos”
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