Abstract
This study examined the effects of urea and molasses on fermentation dynamics and structural carbohydrate degradation of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature. The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU). The results showed that the control group produced an unstable fermentation. U silage always had smallest amount of lactic acid and highest levels of pH, acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen. Compared with control, both M and MU increased water soluble carbohydrate contents which promoted lactic acid fermentation domination, but MU did not restrain clostridial fermentation. After 30 days of ensiling, compared with the control, both M and MU lowered structural carbohydrate contents, and U lowered crude protein content but MU increased this parameter. It was concluded that the combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% urea could improve the fermentation and nutritive qualities of Napiergrass but was not sufficient to inhibit clostridial fermentation. (C) 2013 PVJ. All rights reserved
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Molasses alone and with urea increased water soluble carbohydrate contents of napiergrass silage compared with control.
- Taxon
- Napiergrass
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Cenchrus purpureuse0 - Treatment
- 4% molassese1
- Outcome
- water soluble carbohydrate contentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- controle2
- Setting
- laboratory silose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e2“Compared with control, both M and MU increased water soluble carbohydrate contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Molasses with urea did not restrain clostridial fermentation in napiergrass silage.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- 4% molasses and 0.4% ureae1
- Outcome
- clostridial fermentatione3
- Direction
- did not restraine3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e3“but MU did not restrain clostridial fermentation”
Claim · model-written summary
After 30 days of ensiling, molasses alone and with urea lowered structural carbohydrate contents of napiergrass silage compared with control.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- 4% molassese1
- Outcome
- structural carbohydrate contentse4
- Direction
- lowerede4
- Qualifier
- After 30 days of ensilinge4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e4“After 30 days of ensiling, compared with the control, both M and MU lowered structural carbohydrate contents”
Claim · model-written summary
After 30 days of ensiling, urea alone lowered crude protein content of napiergrass silage compared with control.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ureae1
- Outcome
- crude protein contente5
- Direction
- lowerede5
- Qualifier
- After 30 days of ensilinge5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e5“After 30 days of ensiling, compared with the control, both M and MU lowered structural carbohydrate contents, and U lowered crude protein content but MU increased this parameter”
Claim · model-written summary
After 30 days of ensiling, molasses with urea increased crude protein content of napiergrass silage compared with control.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- 4% molasses and 0.4% ureae1
- Outcome
- crude protein contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- After 30 days of ensilinge5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e5“After 30 days of ensiling, compared with the control, both M and MU lowered structural carbohydrate contents, and U lowered crude protein content but MU increased this parameter”
Claim · model-written summary
The control silage of napiergrass produced an unstable fermentation.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Outcome
- fermentatione6
- Qualifier
- unstablee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e6“The results showed that the control group produced an unstable fermentation”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea silage had the smallest amount of lactic acid among napiergrass silages.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ureae1
- Outcome
- amount of lactic acide7
- Direction
- smalleste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e7“U silage always had smallest amount of lactic acid and highest levels of pH, acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea silage had the highest levels of pH, acetic acid and butyric acid among napiergrass silages.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ureae1
- Outcome
- pH, acetic acid, butyric acide7
- Direction
- highest levelse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e7“U silage always had smallest amount of lactic acid and highest levels of pH, acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea silage had the highest level of ammonia nitrogen among napiergrass silages.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ureae1
- Outcome
- ammonia nitrogene7
- Direction
- highest levelse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), which was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days at the ambient temperature”
e1“The treatments were additions (fresh weight basis) of: no molasses or urea (control), no molasses and 0.4% urea (U), 4% molasses and 0% urea (M), 4% molasses and 0.4% urea (MU)”
e7“U silage always had smallest amount of lactic acid and highest levels of pH, acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% urea could improve fermentation and nutritive qualities of napiergrass silage.
- Taxon
- NapiergrassCenchrus purpureuse2
- Treatment
- combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% ureae2
- Outcome
- fermentation and nutritive qualitiese2
- Direction
- could improvee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“It was concluded that the combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% urea could improve the fermentation and nutritive qualities of Napiergrass”
The same questions in other papers
molasses · quality: sugar starch · Cenchrus purpureus (elephant grass)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Cenchrus purpureus (elephant grass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.