Abstract
To evaluate effects of adding molasses and urea on the fermentation quality of napier grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) silage,napier grass harvested at 65 days(elongation stage) was ensiled in laboratory silos for 3,7,14,and 30 days at the ambient temperature.Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU).Samples were taken for analyzing fermentation quality after the silos were opened.Results showed that the control decreased fermentation quality during the later stage(14~30 d) of ensiling.The treatment U mainly produced acetic acid and butyric acid,and significantly increased pH and NH3-N/total nitrogen values compared with control(P0.05).Both treatment M and MU significantly increased water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contents(P0.05),maintained a low level of butyric acid(0.3 g·kg-1 DM) and constantly kept high value of lactic acid/acetic acid over the fermentation process.In final silages,both treatment M and MU had significantly lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents(P0.05),and treatment MU had significantly higher crude protein content compared with control(P0.05).In conclusion,adding 4% molasses or the combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% urea improved fermentation quality,which promoted degradation of structural carbohydrate,and the combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% urea increased crude protein content of napier grass silage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Napier grass silage without additives (control) had decreased fermentation quality during the later stage (14-30 d) of ensiling.
- Taxon
- Napier Grass
.jpg?width=60)
Cenchrus purpureust0 - Outcome
- fermentation qualitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- later stage(14~30 d) of ensilinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the control decreased fermentation quality during the later stage(14~30 d) of ensiling”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with 0.4% urea mainly produced acetic acid and butyric acid in napier grass silage.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ureae0
- Outcome
- acetic acid and butyric acide1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“The treatment U mainly produced acetic acid and butyric acid”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
0.4% urea significantly increased pH and NH3-N/total nitrogen values compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 0.4% ureae0
- Outcome
- pH and NH3-N/total nitrogen valuese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“significantly increased pH and NH3-N/total nitrogen values compared with control(P0.05)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
4% molasses significantly increased water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contents.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molassese0
- Outcome
- water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“Both treatment M and MU significantly increased water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contents(P0.05)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
4% molasses + 0.4% urea significantly increased water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contents.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molasses+0.4% ureae0
- Outcome
- water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“Both treatment M and MU significantly increased water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid contents(P0.05)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
4% molasses maintained a low level of butyric acid (0.3 g/kg DM).
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molassese0
- Outcome
- butyric acide1
- Direction
- low levele1
- Value
- 0.3 g·kg-1 DMe1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“maintained a low level of butyric acid(0.3 g·kg-1 DM)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
4% molasses + 0.4% urea maintained a low level of butyric acid (0.3 g/kg DM).
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molasses+0.4% ureae0
- Outcome
- butyric acide1
- Direction
- low levele1
- Value
- 0.3 g·kg-1 DMe1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“maintained a low level of butyric acid(0.3 g·kg-1 DM)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
4% molasses constantly kept a high lactic acid/acetic acid ratio over the fermentation process.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molassese0
- Outcome
- lactic acid/acetic acide1
- Direction
- high valuee1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“constantly kept high value of lactic acid/acetic acid over the fermentation process”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
4% molasses + 0.4% urea constantly kept a high lactic acid/acetic acid ratio over the fermentation process.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molasses+0.4% ureae0
- Outcome
- lactic acid/acetic acide1
- Direction
- high valuee1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“constantly kept high value of lactic acid/acetic acid over the fermentation process”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
In final silages, 4% molasses gave significantly lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molassese0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contentse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“both treatment M and MU had significantly lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents(P0.05)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
In final silages, 4% molasses + 0.4% urea gave significantly lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molasses+0.4% ureae0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contentse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- no additivese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“both treatment M and MU had significantly lower neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents(P0.05)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
4% molasses + 0.4% urea gave significantly higher crude protein content than the control in final silages.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Treatment
- 4% molasses+0.4% ureae0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four treatments included: no additives(control),4% molasses(M),0.4% urea(U),and 4% molasses+0.4% urea(MU)”
e1“treatment MU had significantly higher crude protein content compared with control(P0.05)”
t0“Napier Grass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that adding 4% molasses, or 4% molasses with 0.4% urea, improved fermentation quality of napier grass silage.
- Taxon
- Napier GrassCenchrus purpureust0
- Outcome
- fermentation qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding 4% molasses or the combination of 4% molasses with 0.4% urea improved fermentation quality”
t0“Napier Grass”
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