Abstract
Abstract Ensiling preserving a forage crop and its nutrients to feed later on as silage. In this study, elephant grass was ensiled with varying levels of molasses as an additive to evaluate its effect on the nutritive value and in-vitro digestibility of the silage. Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels. Elephant grass ensiled with higher levels of molasses inclusions (T3, and T4) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and lactic acid than T1 and T2 silages. However, T1 and T2 silages had significantly higher ( p < 0.05) crude fibre and ash contents. Furthermore, silage without molasses inclusion (T1) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) in most of the fibre fractions compared to other silages in this study. At 6 and 15 hours, there were no significant differences ( p > 0.05) in the means of in-vitro gas production. However, gas production was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in silages with the inclusion of additives (T4, T3, and T2) at 9, 12, 18, 21, and 24 hours of incubation. Conspicuously, silages containing graded levels of molasses as an additive had significantly higher ( p < 0.05) digestibility and organic matter digestibility than the silage without molasses. The methane gas and metabolisable contents were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in T3 and T4 silages than T1 and T2 silages. However, T3 had significantly the highest ( p < 0.05) gas volume followed by T2, T4, and T1 silages. It can be concluded that our H1 hypothesis was confirmed and the inclusion of molasses as an additive in elephant grass silage resulted in improved dry matter, crude protein, lactic acid contents, reduced fibre fractions, and superior in-vitro digestibility values as well as relatively better gas production by the silage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silage with higher molasses inclusion (T3, T4) had higher dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract than T1 and T2.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureum
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Cenchrus purpureuse1 - Treatment
- higher levels of molasses inclusionse2
- Outcome
- dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extracte2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- T1 and T2 silagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e2“Elephant grass ensiled with higher levels of molasses inclusions (T3, and T4) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and lactic acid than T1 and T2 silages”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage with higher molasses inclusion (T3, T4) had higher lactic acid content than T1 and T2.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- higher levels of molasses inclusionse2
- Outcome
- lactic acide2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- T1 and T2 silagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e2“Elephant grass ensiled with higher levels of molasses inclusions (T3, and T4) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and lactic acid than T1 and T2 silages”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage with molasses at 0 and 2.5% (T1, T2) had higher crude fibre and ash contents.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2)e1
- Outcome
- crude fibre and ash contentse3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e3“However, T1 and T2 silages had significantly higher ( p < 0.05) crude fibre and ash contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage without molasses (T1) had higher fibre fractions than the other silages.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- silage without molasses inclusion (T1)e4
- Outcome
- fibre fractionse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- other silages in this studye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e4“Furthermore, silage without molasses inclusion (T1) had significantly higher (p < 0.05) in most of the fibre fractions compared to other silages in this study”
Claim · model-written summary
Molasses inclusion did not significantly change in-vitro gas production at 6 and 15 hours.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- inclusion of molassese1
- Outcome
- in-vitro gas productione5
- Direction
- no significant differencese5
- Qualifier
- At 6 and 15 hourse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e5“At 6 and 15 hours, there were no significant differences ( p > 0.05) in the means of in-vitro gas production”
Claim · model-written summary
Silages with the additive had higher gas production at 9 to 24 hours of incubation.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- inclusion of additivese6
- Outcome
- gas productione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Qualifier
- at 9, 12, 18, 21, and 24 hours of incubatione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e6“However, gas production was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in silages with the inclusion of additives (T4, T3, and T2) at 9, 12, 18, 21, and 24 hours of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Silages with graded molasses levels had higher digestibility and organic matter digestibility than the silage without molasses.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- graded levels of molasses as an additivee7
- Outcome
- digestibility and organic matter digestibilitye7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- the silage without molassese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e7“Conspicuously, silages containing graded levels of molasses as an additive had significantly higher ( p < 0.05) digestibility and organic matter digestibility than the silage without molasses”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 and T4 silages had higher methane gas and metabolisable contents than T1 and T2 silages.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- T3 and T4 silagese2
- Outcome
- methane gas and metabolisable contentse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- T1 and T2 silagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e2“The methane gas and metabolisable contents were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in T3 and T4 silages than T1 and T2 silages”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 silage had the highest gas volume, followed by T2, T4 and T1 silages.
- Taxon
- Pennisetum purpureumCenchrus purpureuse1
- Treatment
- T3e2
- Outcome
- gas volumee2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- T2, T4, and T1 silagese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Four treatments of Pennisetum purpureum grass silage were produced with the inclusion of molasses at 0 (T1), 2.5 (T2), 5 (T3), and 7.5 % (T4) inclusion levels”
e2“However, T3 had significantly the highest ( p < 0.05) gas volume followed by T2, T4, and T1 silages”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.