Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of graded nitrogen fertilization on the morpho‐agronomic traits, nutritional composition, and silage fermentation of Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, a randomized complete block design with four nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha −1 ) was used to assess biomass yield, structural characteristics, regrowth, and nutritive value. In Experiment 2, silages produced from these treatments were evaluated for fermentation losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), aerobic stability, and nutritional quality. In Experiment 1, nitrogen fertilization promoted quadratic responses in fresh ( p = 0.045) and dry matter yield ( p = 0.039), with estimated maxima at 79.45 and 89.15 kg N ha −1 , respectively. Structural traits, including plant height ( p = 0.041), stem diameter ( p = 0.038), and tiller number ( p < 0.0001), as well as in vitro digestibility ( p = 0.004), also showed quadratic patterns, indicating optimized development at intermediate nitrogen levels. Crude protein increased linearly ( p = 0.002), whereas fiber fractions and nonfiber carbohydrates exhibited nonlinear responses, suggesting shifts in carbon–nitrogen allocation. In Experiment 2, gas losses ( p = 0.002) and silage pH ( p < 0.0001) showed quadratic responses to nitrogen supply, while effluent losses decreased ( p = 0.021) and DMR increased ( p = 0.006) linearly. Fiber fractions declined ( p < 0.0001), whereas total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation, and in vitro digestibility increased with nitrogen fertilization ( p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis explained 80.2% of total variation and confirmed the association between plant structural traits at harvest and silage fermentation efficiency. Overall, nitrogen fertilization modulated plant growth, composition, and conservation dynamics, with predominantly quadratic responses indicating diminishing returns at higher rates. Nitrogen application between 80 and 100 kg N ha −1 is recommended to optimize biomass production, nutritive value, and silage preservation.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization promoted a quadratic response of fresh yield in Cenchrus purpureus, with an estimated maximum at 79.45 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureus
.jpg?width=60)
Cenchrus purpureuse0 - Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- freshe1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Value
- 79.45 and 89.15 kg N ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- quadratice1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e1“nitrogen fertilization promoted quadratic responses in fresh ( p = 0.045) and dry matter yield ( p = 0.039), with estimated maxima at 79.45 and 89.15 kg N ha −1”
e4“evaluated the effects of graded nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization promoted a quadratic response of dry matter yield in Cenchrus purpureus, with an estimated maximum at 89.15 kg N ha−1.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Value
- 79.45 and 89.15 kg N ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- quadratice1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e1“nitrogen fertilization promoted quadratic responses in fresh ( p = 0.045) and dry matter yield ( p = 0.039), with estimated maxima at 79.45 and 89.15 kg N ha −1”
e4“evaluated the effects of graded nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen levels produced quadratic patterns in structural traits of Cenchrus purpureus, indicating optimized development at intermediate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen levelse2
- Outcome
- Structural traitse2
- Direction
- quadratic patternse2
- Qualifier
- indicating optimized development at intermediate nitrogen levelse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e2“Structural traits, including plant height ( p = 0.041), stem diameter ( p = 0.038), and tiller number ( p < 0.0001), as well as in vitro digestibility ( p = 0.004), also showed quadratic patterns, indicating optimized development at intermediate nitrogen levels”
e4“evaluated the effects of graded nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen levels produced quadratic patterns in in vitro digestibility of Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen levelse2
- Outcome
- in vitro digestibilitye2
- Direction
- quadratic patternse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e2“Structural traits, including plant height ( p = 0.041), stem diameter ( p = 0.038), and tiller number ( p < 0.0001), as well as in vitro digestibility ( p = 0.004), also showed quadratic patterns, indicating optimized development at intermediate nitrogen levels”
e4“evaluated the effects of graded nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased crude protein linearly in Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- Crude proteine3
- Direction
- increased linearlye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e3“Crude protein increased linearly ( p = 0.002), whereas fiber fractions and nonfiber carbohydrates exhibited nonlinear responses, suggesting shifts in carbon–nitrogen allocation”
e4“evaluated the effects of graded nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization produced nonlinear responses in fiber fractions and nonfiber carbohydrates of Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- fiber fractions and nonfiber carbohydratese3
- Direction
- nonlinear responsese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e3“Crude protein increased linearly ( p = 0.002), whereas fiber fractions and nonfiber carbohydrates exhibited nonlinear responses, suggesting shifts in carbon–nitrogen allocation”
e4“evaluated the effects of graded nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply produced a quadratic response of gas losses in silage of Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supplye5
- Outcome
- gas lossese5
- Direction
- quadratic responsese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e5“gas losses ( p = 0.002) and silage pH ( p < 0.0001) showed quadratic responses to nitrogen supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply produced a quadratic response of silage pH in Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supplye5
- Outcome
- silage pHe5
- Direction
- quadratic responsese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e5“gas losses ( p = 0.002) and silage pH ( p < 0.0001) showed quadratic responses to nitrogen supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply linearly decreased effluent losses from Cenchrus purpureus silage.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supplye5
- Outcome
- effluent lossese6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- linearlye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e5“gas losses ( p = 0.002) and silage pH ( p < 0.0001) showed quadratic responses to nitrogen supply”
e6“effluent losses decreased ( p = 0.021) and DMR increased ( p = 0.006) linearly”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen supply linearly increased DMR of Cenchrus purpureus silage.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen supplye5
- Outcome
- DMRe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- linearlye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e5“gas losses ( p = 0.002) and silage pH ( p < 0.0001) showed quadratic responses to nitrogen supply”
e6“effluent losses decreased ( p = 0.021) and DMR increased ( p = 0.006) linearly”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization decreased fiber fractions of Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- Fiber fractionse7
- Direction
- declinede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e7“Fiber fractions declined ( p < 0.0001), whereas total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation, and in vitro digestibility increased with nitrogen fertilization ( p < 0.0001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation and in vitro digestibility of Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Material
- BRS Capiaçue0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation, and in vitro digestibilitye7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e7“Fiber fractions declined ( p < 0.0001), whereas total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation, and in vitro digestibility increased with nitrogen fertilization ( p < 0.0001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Multivariate analysis explained 80.2% of total variation in the BRS Capiaçu data.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Outcome
- total variatione2
- Value
- 80.2%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e2“Multivariate analysis explained 80.2% of total variation”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant structural traits at harvest are associated with silage fermentation efficiency in Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- plant structural traits at harveste2
- Outcome
- silage fermentation efficiencye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e2“confirmed the association between plant structural traits at harvest and silage fermentation efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application between 80 and 100 kg N ha−1 is recommended to optimize biomass production, nutritive value and silage preservation of Cenchrus purpureus.
- Taxon
- Cenchrus purpureusCenchrus purpureuse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application between 80 and 100 kg N ha −1e2
- Outcome
- biomass production, nutritive value, and silage preservatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cenchrus purpureus cv. BRS Capiaçu”
e2“Nitrogen application between 80 and 100 kg N ha −1 is recommended to optimize biomass production, nutritive value, and silage preservation”
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