Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are believed to be amongst the biological constraints causing severe damage and a great reduction in the productivity of okra. The purpose of this study was to apply organic matter and non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria to minimize the addition of chemical fertilizers that constantly pollute the environment. Experimental studies were conducted in the field for two summers to determine the effect of inoculations of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense singly and in combinations, with different recommended doses of inorganic nitrogen as well as organic matter such as neem seed cake on the growth, yield, and organic parameters of the okra crop towards the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The results show a significant reduction in nematode multiplication through soil application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and neem seed cake along with different recommended doses of nitrogen inoculated plants. Azotobacter was found to be less effective than Azospirillum in agronomic parameters and nematode control. The most pronounced increases were observed in the yield and growth parameters such as plant height, fresh as well as dry weights, fruit weights/plant, number of total fruits/plant and primary branches, chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content when A. chroococcum and A. brasilense were added concomitantly in various combinations. Agronomic parameters such as NPK content in the plant as well as in residual soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations irrespective of these biofertilizers and neem seed cake. In conclusion, the combined application of a 100% recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer along with Azospirillum and neem seed cake is recommended for better growth and yield of okra with better control of nematodal population.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and neem cake with nitrogen doses significantly reduced nematode multiplication.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- soil application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and neem seed cake along with different recommended doses of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- nematode multiplicatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
e0“significant reduction in nematode multiplication through soil application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and neem seed cake along with different recommended doses of nitrogen inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter was less effective than Azospirillum for agronomic parameters and nematode control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Outcome
- agronomic parameters and nematode controle0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
- Comparator
- Azospirillume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
e0“Azotobacter was found to be less effective than Azospirillum in agronomic parameters and nematode control”
Claim · model-written summary
Joint A. chroococcum and A. brasilense application most increased okra yield and growth traits.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- A. chroococcum and A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- A. chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- yield and growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
e0“The most pronounced increases were observed in the yield and growth parameters such as plant height, fresh as well as dry weights, fruit weights/plant, number of total fruits/plant and primary branches, chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content when A. chroococcum and A. brasilense were added concomitantly in various combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Joint bacterial application most increased chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- A. chroococcum and A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- A. chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid contente0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
e0“chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content when A. chroococcum and A. brasilense were added concomitantly in various combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Most fertilizer combinations considerably increased plant NPK content.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- these biofertilizers and neem seed cakee0
- Outcome
- NPK content in the plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in almost all the combinationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
e0“NPK content in the plant as well as in residual soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations irrespective of these biofertilizers and neem seed cake”
Claim · model-written summary
Most fertilizer combinations considerably increased residual-soil NPK content.
- Treatment
- these biofertilizers and neem seed cakee0
- Outcome
- NPK content in the plant as well as in residual soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
e0“NPK content in the plant as well as in residual soil increased considerably in almost all the combinations irrespective of these biofertilizers and neem seed cake”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend nitrogen fertilizer with Azospirillum and neem cake for okra growth, yield and nematode control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0e0
- Treatment
- 100% recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer along with Azospirillum and neem seed cakee0
- Outcome
- better growth and yield of okra with better control of nematodal populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)”
e0“the combined application of a 100% recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer along with Azospirillum and neem seed cake is recommended for better growth and yield of okra with better control of nematodal population”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.