Abstract
A two-year study (harvest years 2019 and 2020) was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercially available biofertilizer, in combination with variable nitrogen (N) rate, on bread baking quality and agronomic traits in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA. The hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Vision 45’ was used with three N rates (44, 89.6 and 134.5 kg/ha as Low, Med and High, respectively) and three biofertilizer spray regimes (no spray, one spray and two sprays). All traits measured were significantly affected by the agricultural production system (CONV or ORG) and N rate, although trends in their interactions were inconsistent between years. In Y2, yield was greatest in treatments with high N rates and in the ORG system. Biofertilizer treatments had a negative to neutral effect on grain yield. Baking quality traits such as protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value (SV) were consistently greater in the CONV system and increased with the higher N application rates. Similarly, biofertilizer application had no effect on predictive baking quality traits, except for SV in year 1 of the study, where it increased with two sprays. Loaf volume was consistently greater from wheat grown in CONV treatments. From these results, we conclude that further research is warranted to evaluate the potential for biofertilizers to enhance N uptake and affect bread baking quality or other end-use traits. Additional research may be especially useful in organic production systems where biologically based N fertilizers are utilized, and treatments were not negatively affected by biofertilizer applications. Such strategies may be needed to increase protein quantity and gluten quality to optimize winter wheat production for bread baking qualities in the southeastern USA.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Agricultural production system and N rate significantly affected all measured traits of hard winter wheat.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- agricultural production systeme2
- Outcome
- traits measurede2
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e2“All traits measured were significantly affected by the agricultural production system (CONV or ORG) and N rate”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was greatest in treatments with high N rates in Year 2.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- high N ratese3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- greateste3
- Qualifier
- In Y2e3
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e3“In Y2, yield was greatest in treatments with high N rates and in the ORG system”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield was greatest in the ORG system in Year 2.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- ORG systeme3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- greateste3
- Qualifier
- In Y2e3
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e3“In Y2, yield was greatest in treatments with high N rates and in the ORG system”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer treatments had a negative to neutral effect on grain yield.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer treatmentse4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- negative to neutrale4
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e4“Biofertilizer treatments had a negative to neutral effect on grain yield”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value were consistently greater in the CONV system.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- CONV systeme5
- Outcome
- protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value (SV)e5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Qualifier
- consistentlye5
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e5“Baking quality traits such as protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value (SV) were consistently greater in the CONV system and increased with the higher N application rates”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value increased with higher N application rates.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- higher N application ratese5
- Outcome
- protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value (SV)e5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e5“Baking quality traits such as protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value (SV) were consistently greater in the CONV system and increased with the higher N application rates”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application had no effect on predictive baking quality traits.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- biofertilizer applicatione6
- Outcome
- predictive baking quality traitse6
- Direction
- no effecte6
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e6“Similarly, biofertilizer application had no effect on predictive baking quality traits, except for SV in year 1 of the study, where it increased with two sprays”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
SV in year 1 increased with two biofertilizer sprays.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- two sprayse6
- Outcome
- SVe6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- year 1 of the studye6
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e6“Similarly, biofertilizer application had no effect on predictive baking quality traits, except for SV in year 1 of the study, where it increased with two sprays”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
Claim · model-written summary
Loaf volume was consistently greater from wheat grown in CONV treatments.
- Taxon
- hard winter wheate1
- Material
- Vision 45e7
- Treatment
- CONV treatmentse6
- Outcome
- Loaf volumee6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Qualifier
- consistentlye6
- Setting
- Kentucky, USAe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA”
e7“‘Vision 45’”
e6“Loaf volume was consistently greater from wheat grown in CONV treatments”
The same questions in other papers
application · soil: physics · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →inoculation · quality: grain · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →nitrogen · soil: physics · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →cultivation system · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 44 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
112 papers more in this group
See all 116 papers →inoculation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 549 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
610 papers more in this group
See all 614 papers →nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,736 papers in the same direction as this paper · 285 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
2,057 papers more in this group
See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.