Abstract
In many countries of Europe and Eastern Asia, watermelon production is mainly based on the use of grafted seedlings. Upon grafting, seedlings undergo a period of healing where artificial lighting is provided by light-emitting diodes in controlled chambers in order to accelerate and improve the healing process. The objective of our study was to test the effect of light quality on the final product (i.e., seedlings ready for transplanting) in the nursery, as well as to evaluate the possible implications on fruit quality after field cultivation. Narrow-band blue (B) and red (R) wavelengths, 64–36% R-B (36B), 76–24% R-B (24B), 88–12% R-B (12B), and 83–12% R-B plus 5% far-red (12B+FR) wavelengths were tested. 12B+FR enhanced the root dry weight, root architecture, and maximum photosynthetic rate, while RB combinations generally showed better root system development with increased blue portion. R light induced inferior root dry weight and quality indices (root/shoot and shoot–dry–weight/length ratios), lower gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll content, but high shoot length and leaf area. B light led to inferior root architecture, lower stem diameter, leaf area, and maximum photosynthetic rate. Both R and B wavelengths showed decreased concentration of macronutrients and trace elements. After field cultivation, fruit quality (i.e., morphology and color), and valuable nutritive characteristics (i.e., phenolics, carotenoids, lycopene, antioxidants) maintained high quality irrespective of light treatments. Overall, 12B+FR performed well in almost all qualitative parameters including the morphology, the root development, and photosynthesis, while also maintaining high fruit quality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
12B+FR light enhanced root dry weight, root architecture and maximum photosynthetic rate of watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- 12B+FRe1
- Outcome
- root dry weight, root architecture, and maximum photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e1“12B+FR enhanced the root dry weight, root architecture, and maximum photosynthetic rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Red-blue light combinations generally improved root system development of watermelon seedlings with increased blue portion.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- increased blue portione2
- Outcome
- root system developmente2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Qualifier
- generallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e2“RB combinations generally showed better root system development with increased blue portion”
Claim · model-written summary
R light induced inferior root dry weight and quality indices in watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- R lighte3
- Outcome
- root dry weight and quality indicese3
- Direction
- inferiore3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e3“R light induced inferior root dry weight and quality indices”
Claim · model-written summary
R light lowered gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll content of watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- R lighte3
- Outcome
- gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- lowere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e3“R light induced inferior root dry weight and quality indices”
e4“lower gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
R light gave high shoot length and leaf area of watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- R lighte3
- Outcome
- shoot length and leaf areae5
- Direction
- highe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e3“R light induced inferior root dry weight and quality indices”
e5“high shoot length and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
B light led to inferior root architecture of watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- B lighte6
- Outcome
- root architecturee6
- Direction
- inferiore6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e6“B light led to inferior root architecture”
Claim · model-written summary
B light lowered stem diameter, leaf area and maximum photosynthetic rate of watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- B lighte6
- Outcome
- stem diameter, leaf area, and maximum photosynthetic ratee6
- Direction
- lowere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e6“B light led to inferior root architecture, lower stem diameter, leaf area, and maximum photosynthetic rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Both R and B wavelengths decreased the concentration of macronutrients and trace elements in watermelon seedlings.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- R and B wavelengthse7
- Outcome
- concentration of macronutrients and trace elementse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e7“Both R and B wavelengths showed decreased concentration of macronutrients and trace elements”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit quality of watermelon was maintained after field cultivation irrespective of light treatment.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- light treatmentse1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye1
- Direction
- maintainede1
- Setting
- field cultivatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e1“After field cultivation, fruit quality (i.e., morphology and color), and valuable nutritive characteristics (i.e., phenolics, carotenoids, lycopene, antioxidants) maintained high quality irrespective of light treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Valuable nutritive characteristics of watermelon fruit were maintained after field cultivation irrespective of light treatment.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- light treatmentse1
- Outcome
- valuable nutritive characteristicse1
- Direction
- maintainede1
- Setting
- field cultivatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Grafted Watermelon Seedlings”
e1“After field cultivation, fruit quality (i.e., morphology and color), and valuable nutritive characteristics (i.e., phenolics, carotenoids, lycopene, antioxidants) maintained high quality irrespective of light treatments”
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