Abstract
Biofortification of pulse crops with Zn and Fe is a viable approach to combat their widespread deficiencies in humans. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a widely consumed edible crop possessing a high level of Zn and Fe micronutrients. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the influence of foliar application of Zn and Fe on productivity, concentration, uptake and the economics of lentil cultivation (LL 931). For this, different treatment combinations of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) and FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%), along with the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), were applied to the lentil. The results of study reported that the combined foliar application of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at pre-flowering (S1) and pod formation (S2) stages was most effective in enhancing grain and straw yield, Zn and Fe concentration, and uptake. However, the outcome of this treatment was statistically on par with the results obtained under the treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage. A single spray of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage enhanced the grain and straw yield up to 39.6% and 51.8%, respectively. Similarly, Zn and Fe concentrations showed enhancement in grain (10.9% and 20.4%, respectively) and straw (27.5% and 27.6% respectively) of the lentil. The increase in Zn and Fe uptake by grain was 54.8% and 68.0%, respectively, whereas uptake by straw was 93.6% and 93.7%, respectively. Also the benefit:cost was the highest (1.96) with application of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage. Conclusively, the combined use of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage can contribute significantly towards yield, Zn and Fe concentration, as well as uptake and the economic returns of lentil to remediate the Zn and Fe deficiency.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Zn and Fe sprays at pre-flowering and pod formation most effectively enhanced grain and straw yield, mineral concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)
Lens culinarise1 - Treatment
- combined foliar application of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at pre-flowering (S1) and pod formation (S2) stagese0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yield, Zn and Fe concentration, and uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined foliar application of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at pre-flowering (S1) and pod formation (S2) stages was most effective in enhancing grain and straw yield, Zn and Fe concentration, and uptake”
e1“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The two-stage spray result was statistically on par with a spray at S1 alone.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)Lens culinarise1
- Outcome
- outcome of this treatmente0
- Direction
- statistically on pare0
- Comparator
- treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the outcome of this treatment was statistically on par with the results obtained under the treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
e1“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A single combined spray at S1 increased lentil grain yield by 39.6%.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)Lens culinarise1
- Treatment
- single spray of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee0
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 39.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single spray of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage enhanced the grain and straw yield up to 39.6% and 51.8%, respectively”
e1“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A single combined spray at S1 increased lentil straw yield by 51.8%.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)Lens culinarise1
- Treatment
- single spray of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 51.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single spray of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage enhanced the grain and straw yield up to 39.6% and 51.8%, respectively”
e1“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased grain Zn concentration by 10.9%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee1
- Outcome
- Zn and Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 10.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe concentrations showed enhancement in grain (10.9% and 20.4%, respectively) and straw (27.5% and 27.6% respectively) of the lentil”
e1“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased grain Fe concentration by 20.4%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee1
- Outcome
- Zn and Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 20.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe concentrations showed enhancement in grain (10.9% and 20.4%, respectively) and straw (27.5% and 27.6% respectively) of the lentil”
e1“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased straw Zn concentration by 27.5%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee1
- Outcome
- Zn and Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 27.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe concentrations showed enhancement in grain (10.9% and 20.4%, respectively) and straw (27.5% and 27.6% respectively) of the lentil”
e1“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased straw Fe concentration by 27.6%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee1
- Outcome
- Zn and Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 27.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn and Fe concentrations showed enhancement in grain (10.9% and 20.4%, respectively) and straw (27.5% and 27.6% respectively) of the lentil”
e1“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased grain Zn uptake by 54.8%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee2
- Outcome
- Zn and Fe uptake by graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 54.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in Zn and Fe uptake by grain was 54.8% and 68.0%, respectively”
e1“of the lentil”
e2“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased grain Fe uptake by 68.0%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee2
- Outcome
- Zn and Fe uptake by graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 68.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in Zn and Fe uptake by grain was 54.8% and 68.0%, respectively”
e1“of the lentil”
e2“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased straw Zn uptake by 93.6%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise2
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee3
- Outcome
- uptake by strawe0
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 93.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“uptake by straw was 93.6% and 93.7%, respectively”
e1“The increase in Zn and Fe uptake by grain”
e2“of the lentil”
e3“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray increased straw Fe uptake by 93.7%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise2
- Treatment
- ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee3
- Outcome
- uptake by strawe0
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 93.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“uptake by straw was 93.6% and 93.7%, respectively”
e1“The increase in Zn and Fe uptake by grain”
e2“of the lentil”
e3“treatment ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The S1 spray achieved the highest benefit:cost ratio, 1.96.
- Taxon
- Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)Lens culinarise1
- Treatment
- application of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stagee0
- Outcome
- benefit:coste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.96e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefit:cost was the highest (1.96) with application of ZnSO4·7H2O (0.5%) + FeSO4·7H2O (0.5%) at S1 stage”
e1“Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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See all 61 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.