Abstract
Silybin A and B are two major hepatoprotective flavonolignans produced predominantly in Silybum marianum fruits. Similar to other plant secondary metabolites, silybin production is enhanced by biotic or abiotic stresses under the expanse of plant growth and yield. In this study, a novel strategy for enhancing silybin production was investigated by applying a natural plant growth enhancer, moringa leaf extract (MLE), to the S. marianum plants cultivated under salinity abiotic stress. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with salinity as the main factor and MLE concentrations as the sub-factor. The individual and combined effects of salinity and MLE on the growth, yield, and silybin content of S. marianum were recorded. The MLE at concentrations of 5 g/L or 10 g/L was applied as foliar spray to S. marianum plants, which were irrigated with either tap water or saline (2000 ppm or 4000 ppm). Our results revealed that 10 g/L MLE effectively enhances the growth, yield, and silybin (A + B) content in S. marianum plants not exposed to salinity stress. On the other hand, for plants that were exposed to 4000 ppm salinity, the application of MLE was able to alleviate the salinity-induced adverse effects on some of the plant growth parameters but did not significantly increase their silybin (A + B) compositions. The current study also indicated that the increase in silybin contents was accompanied by the upregulation of the chalcone synthase 1 and 3 genes, which have been implicated in the synthesis of silybin.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
10 g/L MLE enhanced growth without salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianum
Silybum marianumt0 - Treatment
- 10 g/L MLEe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Qualifier
- not exposed to salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silybum marianum”
e0“10 g/L MLE effectively enhances the growth, yield, and silybin (A + B) content in S. marianum plants not exposed to salinity stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
10 g/L MLE enhanced yield without salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianumSilybum marianumt0
- Treatment
- 10 g/L MLEe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Qualifier
- not exposed to salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silybum marianum”
e0“10 g/L MLE effectively enhances the growth, yield, and silybin (A + B) content in S. marianum plants not exposed to salinity stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
10 g/L MLE enhanced silybin (A + B) content without salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianumSilybum marianumt0
- Treatment
- 10 g/L MLEe0
- Outcome
- silybin (A + B) contente0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Qualifier
- not exposed to salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silybum marianum”
e0“10 g/L MLE effectively enhances the growth, yield, and silybin (A + B) content in S. marianum plants not exposed to salinity stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE alleviated some adverse growth effects at 4000 ppm salinity.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianumSilybum marianumt0
- Treatment
- application of MLEe0
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
- Qualifier
- 4000 ppm salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silybum marianum”
e0“for plants that were exposed to 4000 ppm salinity, the application of MLE was able to alleviate the salinity-induced adverse effects on some of the plant growth parameters but did not significantly increase their silybin (A + B) compositions.”
Claim · model-written summary
MLE did not significantly increase silybin composition at 4000 ppm salinity.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianumSilybum marianumt0
- Treatment
- application of MLEe0
- Outcome
- silybin (A + B) compositionse0
- Direction
- did not significantly increasee0
- Qualifier
- 4000 ppm salinitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silybum marianum”
e0“for plants that were exposed to 4000 ppm salinity, the application of MLE was able to alleviate the salinity-induced adverse effects on some of the plant growth parameters but did not significantly increase their silybin (A + B) compositions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased silybin content accompanied upregulation of chalcone synthase 1 and 3 genes.
- Taxon
- Silybum marianumSilybum marianumt0
- Gene
- chalcone synthase 1 and 3 genese0
- Outcome
- silybin contentse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Silybum marianum”
e0“the increase in silybin contents was accompanied by the upregulation of the chalcone synthase 1 and 3 genes”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Silybum marianum (milk thistle)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.