Abstract
Abstract Background White grubs are highly polyphagous and most destructive soil pests inflicting damage to a groundnut crop that causes economic yield losses in commercial groundnut production in India. In this study, potential of the two entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) viz., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin enriched with organic amendments like neem cake, castor cake, vermicompost and poultry manure was evaluated to manage buildup of white grub population in groundnut crop. Results Results showed that the plot treated with soil application of vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha showed the least amount of plant mortality due to white grub which was at par with castor cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha and neem cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha which showed only 1.74, 2.00 and 2.24% plant damage, respectively. Plots treated with vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha had the fewest (0.19) white grubs per one meter row length. Based on highest pod yield, net realization and net gain, the treatment with soil application of vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha was found most effective treatments for the management of white grub in groundnut. Conclusions Results indicated that M. anisopliae supplemented with various organic amendments, such as vermicompost, castor cake, and neem cake can be commercialized as a healthy alternative to minimize the use of synthetic pesticides in groundnut crops for white grub management .
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus M. anisopliae resulted in 1.74% groundnut damage and the least plant mortality.
- Taxon
- groundnut crop
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- white grube0pest
- Second interactor
- M. anisopliae
Metarhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant damagee0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 1.74e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plot treated with soil application of vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha showed the least amount of plant mortality due to white grub which was at par with castor cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha and neem cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha which showed only 1.74, 2.00 and 2.24% plant damage, respectively.”
t0“groundnut crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor cake plus M. anisopliae resulted in 2.00% plant damage.
- Taxon
- groundnut cropArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- castor cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- plant damagee0
- Value
- 2.00e0
Not reportedInteractorComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“castor cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha and neem cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha which showed only 1.74, 2.00 and 2.24% plant damage, respectively.”
t0“groundnut crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake plus M. anisopliae resulted in 2.24% plant damage.
- Taxon
- groundnut cropArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- neem cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- plant damagee0
- Value
- 2.24%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem cake @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha which showed only 1.74, 2.00 and 2.24% plant damage, respectively.”
t0“groundnut crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus M. anisopliae had the fewest white grubs, at 0.19 per meter row.
- Taxon
- groundnut cropArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- white grubse0pest
- Second interactor
- M. anisopliaeMetarhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- white grubs per one meter row lengthe0
- Direction
- feweste0
- Value
- 0.19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha had the fewest (0.19) white grubs per one meter row length.”
t0“groundnut crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermicompost plus M. anisopliae was most effective by pod yield, net realization and net gain.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- white grube0pest
- Second interactor
- M. anisopliaeMetarhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pod yield, net realization and net gaine0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on highest pod yield, net realization and net gain, the treatment with soil application of vermicompost @ 1 ton/ha + M. anisopliae 1.15 WP (1 × 10 8 cfu/g) @ 2 kg/ha was found most effective treatments for the management of white grub in groundnut.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended M. anisopliae with organic amendments as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for groundnut white grub management.
- Taxon
- groundnut cropsArachis hypogaeae0
- Interactor
- white grube0pest
- Second interactor
- M. anisopliaeMetarhizium anisopliaee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- healthy alternative to minimize the use of synthetic pesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. anisopliae supplemented with various organic amendments, such as vermicompost, castor cake, and neem cake can be commercialized as a healthy alternative to minimize the use of synthetic pesticides in groundnut crops for white grub management”
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